a type of learning that involves stimulus response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus
What is conditioning?
100
learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement
What is operant conditioning?
100
learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it
What is latent learning?
100
learning that occurs regularly and is distributed over time
What is distributed learning?
100
in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus
What is extinction?
200
a type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
What is taste aversion?
200
stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning
What is primary reinforcers?
200
learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it
What is observational learning?
200
learning that does not occur regularly but occurs all at one time
What is massed learning?
200
the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
What is generalization?
300
a therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response
What is counterconditioning?
300
a timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs
What is schedule of reinforcement?
300
in classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response
What is unconditioned response?
300
a fear-reduction technique based on the principles of classical conditioning that involves exposing the individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished
What is flooding?
300
stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their association with a primary reinforcer
What is secondary reinforcers?
400
a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response
What is classical conditioning?
400
a type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced
What is partial reinforcement?
400
a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
What is conditioned response?
400
the reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs
What is continuous reinforcement?
400
a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response
What is conditioned stimulus?
500
a type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
What is systematic desensitization?
500
in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal
What is shaping?
500
(1) in classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar (2) unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice
What is discrimination?
500
in operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action
What is chaining?
500
encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented