Learning
Extinction
Occurs when an organism’s responding is influenced by watching others
Observational Learning
Form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences
Operant Conditioning
Any relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience
Learning
The initial stage of learning a new response tendency
Acquisition
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs; usually becomes clear once an incentive is introduced
Latent learning
Type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus
Strengthening of a response tendency
Reinforcement
The reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response
Shaping
When an organism acquires a response that prevents some aversive stimulus from occurring
Avoidance Learning
Ivan Pavlov
When an event following a response weakens the tendency to make that response
Punishment
Reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of nonexposure to the conditioned stimulus
Spontaneous Recovery
When an organism acquires a response that decreases or ends some aversive stimulus
Changes in the liking of a stimulus that result from pairing that stimulus with other positive or negative stimuli
Evaluative Conditioning
When an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus
Stimulus generalization
If a response is extinguished in a different environment than it was acquired, the extinguished response will reappear upon return to the original environment in which acquisition occurred
Notable psychologist who is well known for his Bobo Doll experiments
Type of conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus
Higher Order Conditioning
When an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus does not respond in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to original stimulus
Stimulus Discrimination