Fossil Evidence of Evolution
In the fossil record, how do fossils found deeper in the ground compare to fossils found at more shallow levels?
they are older
What are the three categories of adaptations?
structural, behavioral, functional
What is a vestigial structure?
body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.
What is a helpful variation called?
adaptation
Looking at homologous, analogous and vestigial structures is considered this type of study of how organisms are related.
comparative anatomy
A mammoth frozen in ice is an example of which type of fossil?
Original material
What may happen to a species if they can't adapt to a new environment?
they will go extinct
Looking at the genetic sequences of animals and how their genes are similar or different is called _________________.
molecular biology
What causes variations?
Mutations
Petrified wood is an example of which type of fossil?
Mineralization
What is the difference between relative-age and absolute-age dating?
relative age shows the order in which species existed, absolute age tells the "exact" time in which a certain species existed.
What is selective breeding?
The intentional breeding of organisms for desired characteristics.
Give an example of a structure that is homologous to a human arm.
Cat/dog front limb, bat wing, monkey arm
Looking at the similarities and differences in how an embryo develops is called ____________.
embryology/developmental biology
What is one way a scientist could identify how closely related 2 species are?
comparative anatomy, developmental biology, or molecular biology
How can we see evidence of extinction through the fossil record?
The certain species will disappear in the fossil record.
What is the difference between camouflage and mimicry?
camouflage is blending into the environment, mimicry is when one organism looks like another, more dangerous organism.
What is divergence?
Give an example of an analogous structure to a bird's wing.
What is Aj. Quinn's cat's name?
Frank/Frankie
In which type of rock do most fossils form?
sedimentary (mud, sand, etc.)
What did Charles Darwin observe when he was in the Galápagos Islands? How did it help him with his theory of natural selection?
He observed how species of tortoises and finches on each island were slightly different; and these differences helped them adapt to the different environment on each island.
Which shows a close relationship between 2 organisms: those that have homologous structures or those that have analogous structures? Why
homologous structures; though they have different functions, the structure is similar, suggesting they are closely related.
What year was Aj. Quinn born?
1997
What was the name of Darwin's ship?
HMS Beagle