Properties of Rocks
This property describes how hard or soft a mineral is, and it's measured on a scale from 1 to 10.
Hardness
Which type of rock is formed by small pieces of sand or gravel and is made of layers?
Sedimentary Rocks
These rocks form when melted rock cools and hardens, either beneath the Earth's surface or after a volcanic eruption.
Igneous Rocks
Which type of rock is formed by using heat and pressure on other rocks?
Metamorphic Rocks
This process moves rocks, soil, and other materials from one place to another, often caused by wind, water, or ice.
Erosion
The color a mineral leaves behind when scratched on a surface is called the ____________.
Streak
What are sedimentary rocks made of?
Sediments
If an igneous rock forms and cools quickly, what type of crystals will it have?
Small Crystals
What types of rocks can become a metamorphic rock?
Sedimentary and Igneous Rocks
When earth’s crust is slowly broken into smaller pieces, it is called _____________.
Weathering
How a mineral breaks along flat surfaces.
Cleavage
A fossil of a fish is found in a layer of rock 100 feet below Earth's surface. A fossil of a small rodent is found near that fossil, 20 feel below Earth's surface. Which fossil is older? How do you know?
The fish because it is found deeper in the rock layers (100 feet below the surface), and older fossils are found deeper than younger ones.
Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of this substance, which is either molten rock beneath the Earth's surface or lava on top.
What happens to rocks when they are exposed to high heat and pressure over time?
They become a metamorphic rock.
Name two things that can cause weathering.
Water, wind, ice, temperature change, pressure change, plants, animals, or chemical reactions.
How shiny or dull a mineral is.
Luster
Name the 5 types of sediment we learned about.
soil, shells, bits of rock, and dead plant and animal matter
If an igneous rock forms and cools slowly, what type of crystals will it have?
Large
This metamorphic rock is made when heat and pressure change limestone. Hint:It can be found in your home.
Marble
When sediments are moved and placed down in a new location, it is called _____________.
Deposition
What is the hardest mineral? What number rating does it have on the Mohs scale?
Diamond. 10
limestone, shale, sandstone, mudstone, and conglomerate.
Name an example of an igneous rock.
Pumice, Basalt, Obsidian, Granite, Gabbro, or Pegmatite
Name an example of a metamorphic rock.
Marble, Gneiss, Slate, Phyllite, or Schist
Name one landform that could be formed by deposition.
Sand dunes, beaches, deltas, or lagoons.