Famous Chemists
What chemist arranged the elements according to increasing atomic masses and thereby discovered the relationship that he called the law of octaves?
John Newlands
Which property measures the energy required to remove an outermost electron?
ionization energy
The lightest and most abundant element on earth is
hydrogen
helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon
noble gases
Name these elements: Na, Cl, He, and S
Sodium, Chlorine, Helium, and Sulfur
Who was credited with developing the first ordered table of elements?
Dmitri Mendeleev
A larger atomic radius means a ________ ionization energy; a smaller atomic radius means a _______ ionization energy.
smaller; larger
What is the large group of elements that have their highest energy electron in the interior d sublevels?
transition metals
good conductors of heat and electricity; usually hard, lustrous, malleable, and ductile
metals
What name is given to the horizontal rows of the periodic table?
period or series
Whose work resulted in the revision of the periodic law and the atomic number being used as the organizing factor for the elements of the periodic table?
Henry Mosely
Which property measure the attraction of bonded atoms to electrons?
Electronegativity
What are the chemical properties of chromium?
1-2 valence electrons
dense and hard
forms cations with various charges
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine
halogens
Which element has the greater atomic radius, K or Br?
K
Why do elements in the same group have the similar physical and chemical properties?
They have a similar electron configuration
Generally atomic radii increase when moving ____ a group or column in the periodic table.
down
The lanthanoid and actinoid series together compose what group on the periodic table?
inner transition metals
having characteristics of both metals and non-metals
metalloids
Which element has the greater electronegativity, Na or Cl?
Cl
Atomic Radius is defined as the distance from the center of the atom's nucleus to
its outermost electron
True or false: The periodic trend for first ionization energy is opposite of atomic radii
true
Semiconductors are also called:
metalloids
generally, gases or soft liquids
nonmetals
Would Ca or Ca2+ have a smaller radius? explain
The calcium cation would have two fewer electrons that pure calcium. The charge imbalance would cause the remaining electrons to move more closely and Ca2+ to have a smaller radius.