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What type of people were most progressives?
Most were urban, educated, middle-class Americans.
What is a “muckraker?” Who came up with the name “muckraker?”
Group of crusading journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption. Theodore Roosevelt
What is lobbying?
You contact a political leader personally, explain your concern, and try to convince them to vote for a legislation that supports your causes.
Who was Theodore Roosevelt’s successor as president?
William Howard Taft
What does the Seventeenth Amendment of the Constitution do?
Allows for the direct popular election of U.S. senators.
What happened on August 26, 1920?
The Nineteenth Amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote went into effect.
What commission was created after a fire occurred on the top floors of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company?
Factory Investigating Commission
What is a direct primary?
Direct election of senators by voters.
Why could the Sherman Anti-Trust Act not be applied when a sugar company gained 98% control of the sugar industry?
Because the sugar was manufactured within a state.
What did Congress create to monitor American businesses in 1914? What did this do?
Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTC had the power to investigate companies and issue “cease and desist” orders against those it found to be engaging in unfair trade practices, or practices that hurt competition
What is the difference between a direct tax and an indirect tax?
A direct tax is a tax imposed directly on a person of their property. An indirect tax is a tax that someone pays, but the tax burden falls on someone else.
Who wrote the book How the Other Half Lives? What is the book about?
Jacob Riis. He published photographs and descriptions of the poverty, disease and crime that afflicted many immigrant neighborhoods in New York City.
What is progressivism?
Progressivism was a collection of different ideas and activities, not a tightly organized political movement with a specific set of goals. Was a series of responses to problems in American society that had emerged from the growth of industry.
What was the Hepburn Act intended to do?
The act was intended to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) by giving it the power to set railroad rates.
What was the difference between the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association?
National Woman Suffrage Association focused on passing a constitutional amendment. The American Woman Suffrage Association focused on convincing state governments to grant women the right to vote first.
Why did Taft want to lower tariff rates? Why did Roosevelt warn him not to do this?
Believed it limited competition, hurt consumers, and protected trusts. Roosevelt was afraid it would divide the Republican Party.
What did the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 do?
Created the regional reserve banks, supervised by a Board of Governors appointed by the president. The Board could set the interest rates the reserve banks charged other banks, thereby indirectly controlling the nation’s interest rates and the amount of money in circulation.
What act did Roosevelt pass in response to meat industries that had formaldehyde and borax in their “embalmed meat?” What did this act do?
Meat Inspection Act. Required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce and required the Agriculture Department to set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants.
What was the significance of Lochner v. New York?
The Court ruled that a New York law forbidding bakers to work more than 10 hours a day was unconstitutional, saying the state did not have the right to interfere with the liberty of employers and employees.
Why did the Supreme Court strike down the income tax law in 1895?
It was not just a tax on wages, but a tax on all types of income. If a person earned income because they rented property, or because they owned stocks that paid dividends, they still had to pay the income tax.
How was Roosevelt’s approach to reform different from Wilson’s?
Roosevelt favored laws to protect women and children in the labor force and supported workers’ compensation for those injured on the job. Wilson wanted the people to have more freedom and not give the federal government as much power as Roosevelt did. Wilson believed freedom was more important than efficiency.
What year did the Titanic sink?
1912
What book holds the record for the fastest selling book in history?
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
What did the Revenue Act of 1913 do?
This law reduced the average tariff on imported goods to about 30% of the value of the goods and provided for levying a federal graduated income tax.