Who uses problem-focused strategies and who uses emotion-focused strategies more often? (Billings and Moos)
In general people use problem-focused more but women use emotion-focused more than men and when dealing with personal loss both genders use emotion-focused more.
100
Name two main hormones secreted by the endocrine system.
It is an appraisal model where the person ask themselves if the event is stressful and whether they can cope with the stress.
Figure 6.2 pg. 157
200
What is a polygraph test?
measure sweat, heart rate, breathing, blood pressure. If any increase it can be a indictor of stress and that the person is lying.
200
What is biofeedback and how does it help reduce stress?
Patients become highly aware of their bodily functions and try to control them to reduce stress.
200
The effects of systematic desensitization on cancer patients (Marrow)
Patients given systematic desensitization therapy were less nauseous for an average of 15 hours less than the control group.
200
Name one of the main effects stress can have on your body.
high blood pressure, heart disease, heart attacks
200
What is the locus of control and how does it affect our stress levels?
internal locus of control produces low levels of stress because the person feel they have control over their life and decisions. External locus of control produces high stress because they feel they cannot change any life events.
300
What type of behavioural measures are used for measuring stress?
natural behaviours- type of speech, social interactions
laboratory- use of loud noise, temperature, amount of space
300
How can cognitive therapy reduce stress?
By getting patients to put stressful events into proportion and not make them a big deal. They can also come up with a plan to put into place. The most common therapies are rational emotive therapy and stress inoculation training.
300
Kobasa's hardiness study.
Participants with high stress and high hardiness were less stressed than participants with low hardiness and high stress. There was no difference in people with low stress.
300
What is stress reactivity?
How you react to stress. High results in sweating high blood pressure and high heart rate. Low does not produce as many changes.
300
What is hardiness?
How well you cope with stress. People high in commitment, challenge and control deal with stress better.
400
Name and explain the 3 types of personality
Type A- competitive, time urgency, self-critical, quick to anger, hostile
Type B- not competitive, not hostile, low level of time urgency, friendly
Type C- passive, non-complaining, compliant
400
Explain problem focused strategies for dealing with stress.
The patient recognizes the stressful event and confronts the problem to fix it the best they can.
400
Jaremko's study on public speaking
People with high levels of stress when public speaking given SIT and found that they experienced less anxiety after the SIT.
400
What is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system and what does it do?
It sends messages to and from the CNS to the brain specifically the hypothalmus. It secretes corticosterioids which fight inflammation, promote healing, and supply more energy.
400
What are the 3 stages that people diagnoses with life-threatening chronic illness go through?
shock, encounter reaction, retreat
500
Name and explain the four self-report measures.
Holmes and Rahe- gave a value for each life event (0-100)
Perceived stress scale- asks about stress in the last month
Stress Appraisal measure- predicts future stress
Hassel scale- how everyday problem affect you
500
Explain emotion-focused strategy for coping with stress
the patient first tries to find the good things in the situation and then accept responsibility if they are to blame in any way.
500
The Frankenhauser study on saw mill workers.
The workers had no say in the work they did and were highly stressed because they have external locus of control and did dull repetitive work.
500
Name the two biological systems that are involved in stress and what they do.
see pg. 158-160
500
Name and explain the 5 types of social support that help people cope with stress