Nature of Matter
The three parts of an atom and their charges are
proton (+), electron (-), neutron (neutral)
A process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another.
chemical reaction
The four organic macromolecules.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
A single unit/sub-unit of a polymer
Monomer
Biological buffers keep most cells around this pH
Neutral/6.5-7.5
Name and define the two components of a solution
solute: substance that is dissolved solvent: substance in which the solute dissolves
the energy needed to get a reaction started
activation energy
Functions of this macromolecule include structure, repair and speeding up reactions- almost everything in the body
Protein
Macromolecules are primarily held together by this type of bond
Covalent bond
Has a pH of less than 7
acid
Name and define the two types of mixture
Heterogeneous mixture - unevenly mixed
Homogeneous mixture - evenly mixed
The starting materials of a reaction.
reactants
This macromolecule is involved in membrane formation and long-term energy storage
Lipid
The substance on which an enzyme acts.
substrate
Is this equation balanced?
4H2O -> 2O2 + 3H2
No
A molecule with a partially charged positive end and a partially charged negative end
polar molecule
This bond joins two or more molecules together by transferring electrons Ex. NaCl
ionic bond
This macromolecule stores information within a cell
Nucleic acid
Created when monomers join together.
polymer
Two atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Isotopes
Joins two or more atoms together by sharing electrons, ex. CO2
covalent bond
What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?
Enzyme decrease the activation energy during chemical reactions.
This macromolecule is the main source of energy for living things
carbohydrates
Where a reaction occurs on a protein.
active site
A solution with a lot of OH- ions
Base