a feature in the environment that is detected by an organism or that leads to a change in behaviour.
What is stimulus
100
in classical conditioning, an unlearned response
What is unconditioned response
100
stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning
What is primary reinforcers
100
learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it
What is latent learning
100
a type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or nuetral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
What is taste aversion
200
an observable reaction to a stimulus
What is response
200
a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response.
What is conditioned response and stimulus
200
stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their association with a primary reinforcer
What is secondary reinforcers
200
learning by observing and imitating the behaviour of others
What is observational learning
200
the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed
What is spontaneous recovery
300
a type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus
What is conditioning
300
in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus
What is extinction
300
encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behaviour when they are presented
What is positive reinforcers
300
in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behaviour toward closer approximations of the desired goal
What is shaping
300
the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
What is generalization
400
a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response
What is classical conditioning
400
learning that is strengthened when behaviour is followed by positive reinforcement
What is operant conditioning
400
an unpleasant stimulus between two variables in which one variable increases as the other variable decreases
What is negative reinforcers
400
a type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced
What is partial reinforcement
400
in classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar
What is discrimination
500
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, naturally occurring response
What is unconditioned stimulus
500
a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
What is reinforcement
500
a timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behaviour behavior occurs
What is schedule of reinforcement
500
the reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs.
What is continuous reinforcement
500
a type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli