Washington & The Early Government
This 1789 act established the basic structure of the federal court system, including the Supreme Court and lower federal courts.
What is the Judiciary Act of 1789?
Alexander Hamilton led the Federalist Party, while Thomas Jefferson led this political party.
What is the Democratic-Republican Party?
President Washington issued this official declaration in 1793 regarding the war between Great Britain and France
What is the Declaration of Neutrality?
This 1797 incident involved French officials demanding a $250,000 bribe from American envoys just to meet with the French Foreign Minister.
What is the XYZ Affair?
Purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million, this land deal doubled the geographic size of the United States
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
The group of executive branch department heads created by George Washington—including Foreign Affairs, Treasury, and War—is collectively known by this name.
What is the Cabinet?
This cabinet official favored an agrarian economy based on farmer-citizens and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
Who is Thomas Jefferson?
In Pinckney’s Treaty (1795), Spain granted the U.S. land claims east and opened this major river and port to American trade.
What are the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans?
The popular American slogan "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute" arose in response to this incident.
What is the XYZ Affair?
John Adams attempted to pack the federal courts with Federalist judges on his final day in office, giving these appointees this famous nickname
What are the Midnight Judges?
In his 1796 Farewell Address, George Washington issued a famous warning against these two specific dangers to the young nation.
What are permanent foreign alliances and political parties?
Hamilton justified creating the Bank of the United States (BUS) by pointing to this specific constitutional power, also known as the "elastic clause"
What are the implied powers (or the Necessary and Proper Clause)?
This French diplomat caused outrage by recruiting Americans for war efforts against Britain without diplomatic permission
Who is Edmond Genêt?
These 1798 Federalist laws increased citizenship residency requirements to 14 years and criminalized false or malicious statements against the government.
What are the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led this group from St. Louis to the Pacific coast to explore the new western territory.
What is the Corps of Discovery?
Washington and Hamilton led 15,000 militiamen to disperse this 1794 Pennsylvania uprising without bloodshed, proving the federal power to enforce laws.
What is the Whiskey Rebellion?
To convince Southern states to support his plan for the federal government to assume state war debts, Hamilton agreed to support moving the national capital to this location.
What is the District of Columbia (a Southern location)?
This treaty angered many American settlers because, while the British agreed to evacuate Northwest forts, they were still allowed to continue their fur trade on the U.S. side of the border.
What is Jay’s Treaty?
Authored secretly by Madison and Jefferson, these documents asserted the principle that states could declare unconstitutional federal laws null and void.
What are the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
The electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr in the Election of 1800 led to the passage of this amendment requiring separate ballots for President and Vice President.
What is the 12th Amendment?
Section 25 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was significant because it allowed state court decisions to be appealed to federal courts whenever this occurred
What is it when state court decisions involve constitutional issues?
While Hamilton supported protective tariffs to aid Northern manufacturing, Southern Democratic-Republicans strongly opposed them because of this economic impact.
What is raising the cost of imported manufactured goods for Southern farmers (or hurting Southern trade)?
Following the Battle of Fallen Timbers, this 1795 treaty forced the Miami Confederacy to cede most of their land in Ohio in exchange for annual payments.
What is the Treaty of Greenville?
The Sedition Act was criticized by Democratic-Republicans as a direct violation of this constitutional protection
What is the First Amendment (Freedom of Speech / Press)
In Marbury v. Madison (1803), Chief Justice John Marshall established judicial review by declaring part of this specific law unconstitutional
What is the Judiciary Act of 1789