Parts of the Cell
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of the cell wall?
Protects the plant cell, Maintains the plant cell’s shape, Prevents excessive uptake of water
Define selective permeability (semipermiable).
a membrane allows the passage of some molecules or ions and inhibits the passage of others.
Define Bioluminescence.
the conversion of energy to light
Which of the following will have less energy in their final state?
a) spontaneous change
b) nonspontaneous change
c) catabolic reaction
d) both a and c
D
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER.
Presence of ribosomes and their functions.
How is phagtocytosis different from autophagy?
Phagocytosis: lysosome digest (hyrdolyze) food, Autophagy: lysosome breaking down (recycle) damaged organelle.
How is peripheral proteins different than intergal proteins?
Peripheral proteins are not embedded, Integral proteins penetrate the hydrophobic core and often span the membrane (example: transmembrane protein)
What is the difference between a catabolic and anabolic pathway?
Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds
Anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
Which of these is not a function of membrane proteins?
a) Transport
b) Signal transduction
c) Mitochondrial activity
d) Cell-cell recognition
C
What features are unqiue to plant cells?
Cell wall, choloroplasts, large central vacuole.
What are the three main compentents of the cytoskeleton from smallest to largest?
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubles
What factors effect the fulidity of the membrane? Do we want membranes to be fluid?
1. temperature, fatty acids, cholesterol
2. yes
What does free energy measure?
a system’s instability, its tendency to change to a more stable state.
The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. Which of the following statements about that model is true?
a)Only phospholipids are capable of moving in the membrane.
b)The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to the behavior of phospholipids, and the mosaic aspect is due to the presence of carbohydrates.
c) The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to the mobility of phospholipids, and embedded proteins account for the mosaic aspect.
d)The fluid aspect of the membrane describes its structure at normal temperatures, and the mosaic aspect describes the behavior of the membrane as the temperature is lowered.
C
Define cristae. What is it's function?
is a fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, providing a large amount of surface area for chemical reactions to occur on.
What is the ECM of animals cells and its function?
Support, Adhesion, Movement, Regulation
This layer helps hold cells together in tissues and protects and supports the plasma membrane.
The main components of the ECM are glycoproteins.
What is an example of diffusion?
Diffusion = No work must be done to move substances down the concentration gradient.
Examples: A tea bag immersed in a cup of hot water, spraying perfumes, gas exchange in the lungs
What are the three types of cellular work that are powered by the hydrolysis of ATP?
Chemical, Mechanical, Transport
What solution is a plant cell in if the cell can be characterized as turgid?
hypotonic- solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; the cell gains water
The cell itself is hypertonic.
What part of the cell facilitates physical contact with neighboring cells?
Intercellular junction
What is the difference between the two types of electron microscopes?
SEM- scanning electron microscope provides a 3D image of the surface of the cell. TEM- transmission electron microscope shows the internal structure of the cell by focuses electrous through the specimen.
What are the three types of endocytosis?
–Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”): Cell engulfs a particle in a vacuole
–Pinocytosis (“cellular drinking”): Cell creates vesicles around fluid
–Receptor-mediated endocytosis: Binding of ligands to receptors triggers vesicle formation
Which reaction has a negative ∆G, exergonic or endergonic?
Exergonic reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous (catabolic, negative ∆G)
Endergonic reaction absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous (anabolic)
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.
a) in the ribosomes of the mitochondria
b) the plasma membrane
c) in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
D