People & Terms
Define "immigrant."
Someone who moves IN to a country
What is a "push factor"?
A reason to leave your country such as; poverty or unemployment.
What is a "reformer" in the context of 19th-century colonial politics?
A reformer wanted political change to make government more accountable and fair
Where was Upper Canada located roughly (in modern terms)?
Upper Canada = roughly modern southern Ontario.
Who was Lord Durham and why is he important after the rebellions?
Lord Durham was sent to investigate the causes of the rebellions and wrote a report recommending union and responsible government.
What is an "emigrant"?
Someone who leaves their country to move somewhere else.
What is a "pull factor"? Give one simple example people might face.
something that attracts people (e.g., land, work opportunities).
Who were the "big three" reformers referenced in this chapter? (Name at least two.)
Robert Baldwin, Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, and Lord Durham is connected to reform
What language was most commonly spoken in Upper Canada?
English was most commonly spoken in Upper Canada.
What was the Act of Union (short answer)?
Act of Union = law that joined Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada.
What does "demographic changes" mean?
changes in a country such as; population, etc.
What were "coffin ships" and why were they dangerous?
Coffin ships = overcrowded transatlantic ships carrying migrants; high death rates from disease/starvation.
What is a "boycott" and why might reformers use one?
Boycott = refusing to buy or use goods/services to protest; reformers used it to pressure authorities.
Where was Lower Canada located roughly (in modern terms)?
Lower Canada = roughly modern southern Quebec.
What does "assimilation" mean in the context of Lord Durham's recommendations?
Assimilation = encouraging one culture (British/English) to replace another (French) through policy.
What is "quarantine" and why might it have been used in the 1800s
isolating people or ships to prevent disease spread, used when illnesses like cholera threatened ports.
What is "cholera" and how did it spread on crowded ships or in ports?
Cholera = an infectious disease causing severe diarrhea and dehydration; spread through contaminated water and poor sanitation. 500 —
Explain what "amnesty" means and when a government might offer it.
Amnesty = forgiveness for those who committed political offenses; used to calm tensions after rebellion.
What language was most commonly spoken in Lower Canada?
French was most commonly spoken in Lower Canada.
Name one of Lord Durham's three main recommendations and explain it briefly.
Example recommendation: unite Upper and Lower Canada to make one government; also recommend responsible government and assimilate French Canadians.
Explain the difference between a "republic" and a "colonial government."
Republic = citizens elect leaders and the state is independent; colonial government = a colony ruled or overseen by officials appointed by the imperial power (Britain).
Describe one major impact the Great Migration had on First Nations communities.
Impact on First Nations: loss of land, increased disease, pressure on resources, cultural disruption.
What is a "royal commission" and what purpose does it serve?
Royal commission = group appointed to investigate problems and recommend changes to government
List two main reasons people in Upper and Lower Canada were unhappy and why those reasons helped lead to rebellions.
Reasons: lack of responsible government (colonial officials held power), economic hardship, unfair land distribution, and tensions between elites (Family Compact/Chateau Clique) and ordinary settlers.
What was the Rebellion Losses Bill and why did it cause controversy?
Rebellion Losses Bill = law to compensate people for property lost during the rebellions; controversial because some thought it rewarded rebels.