LSD1
Which stage of life generally includes birth through approximately 1 month of age?
Neonate
A child between approximately 1 month and 1 year of age is considered a(n):
Infant
Which age range is generally considered the toddler stage?
1–3 years
Which developmental stage generally includes children approximately 6–12 years old?
School-age
The head accounts for about how much of a neonate’s weight?
25%
When infants and neonates fall they often land:
Why?
Often land head first.
Due to the fact that their head accounts for 25% of body weight, coupled with their inability to extend their arms to cushion their fall
They running for early adults:
19 to 40 years old
The startle reflex:
Moro reflex
Which developmental stage is associated with the greatest degree of physical growth during the first year of life?
Infant
Which developmental area refers to a child’s ability to interact with others and develop relationships?
Social development
Which is an example of a fine motor skill?
Picking up a small object
Respiratory rate, heart rate and systolic blood pressure rate for neonate:
HR: 100-180, BP(Systolic): 50-70, RR: 30-60
Prior to birth the fetal blood supply comes from:
The mother via the placenta
Age when infants knows his or her name; walks
12 months
An infant’s ability to sit without support is primarily an example of:
Gross motor development
Which behavior would be expected in a developing toddler?
A. Complete independence
B. Increasing ability to walk and explore
C. Abstract adult-level reasoning
D. No attachment to caregivers
Increasing ability to walk and explore
This forms when the infant understands that their parent will respond to their needs
Secure attachment
Which developmental period is most associated with puberty?
Adolescence
Respiratory rate, heart rate and systolic blood pressure rate for toddler:
HR: 90-150, BP(Systolic): 80-100, RR: 20-30
The leading cause of death for neonates is:
Congenital abnormalities (birth defects)
Age when infants brings object to mouth: smiles and frowns
3 months
The result of recurring rejection:
Anxious-avoidance attachment
Occurs when an object is placed into a neonates palm:
Palmar grasp reflex
Displayed when something touches the neonates cheek
Rooting reflex
The forming of a close personal relationship
Bonding
Respiratory rate, heart rate and systolic blood pressure rate for infant:
HR: 100-160, BP(Systolic): 80-100, RR: 25-50
Why is a neonates first breath so forceful?
Prior to taking their first breath their lungs had never been inflated
Age when infants begins teething; sits upright; speaks one syllable words
6 months
You arrive at a scene involving a frightened 3-year-old child. The child is crying and clinging to the parent. What is the MOST appropriate initial approach?
Allow the parent to remain with the child when possible
Time from birth and concludes at around the age of ____. When the infant learns whether they can trust people around them:
18 months
Trust versus mistrust
A building fontanelle can indicate:
Pressure inside the cranium has increased
You are assessing an injured toddler who repeatedly reaches for his mother. What does this behavior MOST likely represent?
Normal attachment behavior
Respiratory rate, heart rate and systolic blood pressure rate for preschooler:
HR: 80-140, BP(Systolic): 80-100, RR: 25-50
Infants younger than 6 months are prone to:
What condition can this lead to?
Double for both answers
Nasal congestion
Vital upper respiratory infections
When interviewing adolescents and they do not want to answer question consider:
Questioning them privately away from parents. Or attempt to ask more sensitive questions in a place where they feel they can answer without constraint
Flexible fibrous tissue in between the bones of the cranium are called:
Fontanelles
Which finding in a child should cause an EMT to consider possible developmental delay?
A child consistently failing to demonstrate expected developmental skills
parent tells you that their 18-month-old suddenly stopped walking after previously walking normally. What is the MOST appropriate interpretation?
Developmental regression is concerning and requires further evaluation.
Which factors can significantly influence a child’s development?
Genetics, environment, nutrition, and other factors
Respiratory rate, heart rate and systolic blood pressure rate for school age:
HR: 60-100, BP(Systolic): 80-110, RR: 12-20
An tongue is:
Lager in proportion to the size of its oral cavity
At what age does self-consciousness increase, as children become more concerned with their physical appearance and how they are perceived by their peers?
Adolescence (12 to 18 years)
Clingy behavior, with fear of unfamiliar people and places:
Separation anxiety
A 5-year-old has sustained a minor burn. The child is frightened and refuses to allow you to examine the injury. Which approach is BEST?
A. Force the child to cooperate
B. Use simple language and involve the caregiver in comforting the child
C. Tell the child that the examination will not hurt even if it might
D. Ignore the child’s fear
Use simple language and involve the caregiver in comforting the child
A 10-year-old patient is alert after a motor-vehicle collision. The child correctly answers your questions but repeatedly looks toward the parent before answering. What should you do?
A. Assume the child cannot provide reliable information
B. Continue communicating directly with the child while also involving the parent
C. Only question the parent
D. Tell the child not to look
Continue communicating directly with the child while also involving the parent
The mother’s antibodies
Respiratory rate, heart rate and systolic blood pressure rate for early, middle and late adult:
HR: 60-100, BP(Systolic): 80-130, RR: 12-20
An infant’s airway is:
short and narrow
This term describes female eggs
Ooctyes
The development of antibodies in toddlers results in:
Acquired immunity
Toddlers begin to understand cause and effect by the age of:
18 to 24 months
A 12-year-old asks detailed questions about what the EMT is doing. What is the BEST response?
A. Refuse to answer because the patient is a minor
B. Provide an age-appropriate explanation
C. Tell the child that only adults need to understand treatment
D. Tell the parent to answer all questions
Provide an age-appropriate explanation
A 9-year-old patient asks whether the ambulance will take them away from their parents. Which response is BEST?
A. “Yes, you’re going away from them.”
B. “Don’t worry about it.”
C. Provide truthful, age-appropriate information about what will happen next.
D. “Your parents aren’t allowed to come.”
Provide truthful, age-appropriate information about what will happen next.
Infants grow at a rate of about:
1 ounce per day
An EMT and cause an airway obstruction in a neonate by:
Hyperextending or hyperflexing their neck
An important milestone of adolescence is the maturation of:
The endocrine and reproductive systems
You arrive for a 3-year-old with respiratory distress. The child is terrified and refuses to sit still for assessment. The parent is calm and cooperative. What should you do FIRST?
A. Immediately restrain the child
B. Use the parent to help calm and reassure the child while beginning an appropriate assessment
C. Remove the parent from the scene
D. Wait until the child stops crying before assessing the airway
Use the parent to help calm and reassure the child while beginning an appropriate assessment
Pressure induced trauma:
Barotrauma
Neonates gave a proportionately oversized:
Occiput
An infant will triple its weight by:
The end of the first year
An infant with double its weight by:
4 to 6 months
Describes a specific type of breathing seen in infants:
Diaphragmatic breathing (belly breathing)
Age when infant respond to their name; crawls efficiently
10 months
When a school age child’s moral compass is directed by external forces such as parental discipline:
Preconventional reasoning
Moral judgements are more abstract, with the individual beginning to follow an internalized, moral compass
Postconventional reasoning
A school age child where their behavior if motivated by the approval of their peers and society
Conventional reasoning
Describes our perception of ourselves:
Self-concept
At what age range do vital signs began to level off within the adult range?
Adolescent (12 to 18 years)
The first menstrual bleeding:
Menarche
By the age of 75 years old an older adult’s vital capacity has declined about how much?
50% of that of a young adult
Age when infants recognize familiar faces, uses eyes to track objects and people
2 months
Agree when infant reaches arms out to people, drools
4 months
Age when infants are afraid of strangers; displays mood swings
7 months
Age when infants sleeps throughout the night; distinguishes family members from strangers
5 months
Age when infants respond to “no”, can sit alone
8 months
Age when infants begins to walk without assistance; becomes frustrated by restrictions
11 months
Condition caused by build up of cholesterol and calcium along the inner walls of blood vessels:
Atherosclerosis