Life Is Cellular
In 1665, he used an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork and he concluded that the cork seemed to be made of thousands of tiny, empty chambers and he called these chambers “cells” because they reminded him of a monastery's tiny rooms
Who is: Englishman Robert Hooke
They are generally smaller and simpler although there are many exceptions to this rule. These cells have genetic material that is not contained in a nucleus, they are generally less complicated but they carry out every activity associated with living things. They grow, reproduce, respond to the environment, and some can even move by gliding along surfaces or swimming through liquids.
What is: Prokaryotic cells
It regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support. The composition of nearly all of them is a double-layered sheet called a lipid bilayer.
What is: The cell membrane
Many cells also release large amounts of material from the cell, the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell.
What is: Exocytosis (ek-soh-sy-TOH-sis)
This means “little organs.”
What is: Organelles
Using a microscope, he was the first to observe small living organisms in water.
Who is Anton can Leeuwenhoek?
These cells are generally larger and more complex, generally contain dozens of structures and internal membranes, and many are highly specialized, their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell.
What is: Eukaryotic cells
A solution containing roughly the same concentration of solutes as inside the cell creating dynamic equilibrium.
What is isotonic?
The property of biological membranes that allow some molecules to pass through while keeping others out.
What is Semi (selectively) permiable?
It is the portion of the nucleus that contains the data to make ribosomes.
What is the nucleolus?
It has three parts: 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3.New cells are produced from existing cells.
What is: The cell theory
DAILY DOUBLE!!!! Comparing the Cell to a Factory: 1. MACHINERY:the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials. 2. CLEANING CREW:Remove "Junk" and also, in charge of the digestion, or breakdown, of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
What is: 1. The endoplasmic reticulum 2. The Lysosomes
A solution containing a lower concentration of solutes than are contained inside the cell causing water to move into the cell.
What is hypotonic?
As powerful as diffusion is, cells sometimes must move materials in the opposite direction—against a concentration difference. This is accomplished by a process that as its name implies, it requires energy.
What is active transport
The powerhouse for a plant cell.
What is a cholorplast?
SHIPPING: Modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials.
What is Golgi apparatus (complex or body)?
These small structures made of RNA and proteins are the sites where proteins are assembled.
What are ribosomes?
In a solution, particles move constantly. They collide with one another and tend to spread out randomly. As a result, the particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
What is: A process known as diffusion (dih-FYOO-zhun).
The process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. 300 extra points: Name all 3 types of this transport.
What is passive transport? Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion (uses a protein).
A sac surrounded by a membrane where fluid, proteins, carbs, salts and sometimes waste products are stored.
What is a vacuole?
The jellylike material inside the plasma membrane in which cell structures are embedded.
What is cytoplasm?
Known as the "powerhouse of the cell" this organelle converts food molecules into energy that is usable by cells.
What is mitochondria?
It is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
What is: Osmosis
The form of active transport in which cells surround and engulf materials.
What is endocytosis?
The change in number of particles from one area to another.
What is concentration gradient.