Political Parties
Who is the leader of the Independents, are they French or English, and what do they believe in?
They have no leader, could be either French or English, and have various beliefs
Was Canada West in favour of confederation? Why or Why not?
Yes, because of political deadlock, fear of the Americans, and shifting trade relationships.
What is "political deadlock"?
When representatives in government cannot come to an agreement on issues and nothing is resolved.
In what year was confederation achieved?
1867.
What is Confederation?
The political union between BNA colonies to create a new country.
Who was the leader of the Les Rouges, were they French or English, and what did they believe in?
The leader was Antoine Dorion, they were French, and wanted independence for Quebec
Was Newfoundland in favour of confederation? Why or Why not?
No, because they had little in common with the other colonies and wanted to remain independent.
Which regions in Canada had the most amount of representatives in government?
Canada West (Ontario) and Canada East (Quebec).
What were the 4 provinces that decided to join Canada in Confederation?
Canada West (Ontario), Canada East (Quebec), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
What is Representative Democracy?
A form of democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf in government.
Who was the leader of the Clear Grits, were they French or English, and what did they believe in?
The leader was George Brown, they were English, and believed in a more democratic government.
Was PEI in favour of confederation? Why or Why not?
No, because they believed they were too small to be valued as a part of Canada.
What are the 4 Pillars of Democracy?
Freedom, Equity, Justice, and Representation.
What were the 3 factors that led to confederation for BNA (list at least 2)?
Political deadlock, fear of war against the Americans, and a change in trading relationships.
What is Representation by Population?
The system where the number of representatives in government for a certain region is determined by the how big the population is.
Who was the leader of the Les Bleus, were they French or English, and what did they believe in?
George-Etienne Cartier was the leader, they were French, and believed in Confederation with the English.
Was Canada East in favour of confederation? Why or Why not?
Yes and no. Some believed that union with English would work, some believed Quebec should be independent.
Who was eligible to vote in Canada at the time of Confederation?
Only citizens over the age of 21 who owned property in Canada.
What was the result of the Quebec City Conference?
The 72 Resolutions, where the fine details of confederation were worked out.
What is Federalism?
A system of government that divides political power between a central (federal) government and regional (provincial) government.
Who was the leader of the Liberal Conservatives, were they French or English, and what did they believe in?
John A MacDonald was the leader, they were English, and believed in Confederation with the Canadiens.
Was Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in favour of confederation? Why or Why not?
Yes, because Canada promised to build the railway to Halifax and the "Golden Age" was coming to an end.
List 2 things that are controlled by the Provincial government and 2 things that are controlled by the federal government.
Federal: Residual powers, national defence, Indigenous relations, criminal law, taxation, currency
Provincial: Education, health care, roads, police, cities/towns, courts
What was the final step before Canada could officially become a country?
The BNA Act had to be passed through and voted in favour by the British Parliament.
What is Manifest Destiny?
The American belief that it is their "god given" right to take over and control all of North America, including BNA.