Chapter 7
______ are organs that release fluids or hormones that help maintain health, guide growth and development, and work together for proper bodily functioning.
Glands
Name other exocrine glands and their functions.
sebaceous glands - found in the skin and produce oil
sweat glands - produce sweat
lachrymal glands - produce tears
mammary glands - produce milk
salivary glands - produce saliva
How can thyroid problems affect a person's weight?
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. Too much production of thyroid hormones can lead to weight loss; too little production can lead to weight gain.
What role does the thymus play in the body's immune functions?
The thymus fights diseases, and aids in the maturing (growing up of) immune cells called T-lymphocytes.
How does the body's feedback mechanism keep hormones at their proper levels?
The body's response to a hormone influences whether that hormone continues to be released.
What is the difference between exocrine glands and endocrine glands?
Exocrine glands release fluids through ducts, or tubes, often outside the body, and the glands of the endocrine system release fluids inside the body, directly into the bloodstream.
What are two functions of the pituitary gland?
stimulates the release of of hormones by other glands and also produces human growth hormone
What is the main function of the parathyroid glands?
They produce a hormone that is primarily responsible for controlling the level of calcium in the blood.
Why does the thymus begin to shrink during adulthood?
New T cells are mostly produced during childhood, so the role of the thymus diminishes as a person ages.
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. People with Type 1 diabetes (Uncle Kurt) must consistently check their blood sugar levels and take insulin to make up for what the pancreas is not producing. Type 2 diabetes (Grandpa) usually results when a person's body doesn't respond to insulin properly. Type 2 diabetes can sometimes be treated with healthy lifestyle changes.
_____________ and __________ are the two main classifications of glands by shape.
tubular glands (shape of a tube) and alveolar (saccular) glands (have a sac-like cavity)
In what way does the hypothalamus affect the function of the pituitary gland?
The hypothalamus contains neurosecretory cells - neurons that secrete hormones. The hormones secreted by the hypothalamus regulate the function of the pituitary gland.
What is diabetes, and how is it related to the functions of the pancreas?
The pancreas releases the hormones glucagon and insulin. Glucagon is responsible for raising blood sugar levels, while insulin lowers them. A person with diabetes has consistently high blood sugar levels and needs to regulate them with a strict diet or injections of insulin, depending on the type of diabetes he or she has.
For what common disease of the prostate should men regularly be checked?
prostate cancer
How can disorders of the thyroid gland or the pituitary gland affect a person's size?
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. Too much production can lead to weight loss; too little production can lead to weight gain.
The pituitary gland produces growth hormone. If too much or too little is produced, it can cause a person to be particularly large or small.
What are the tubes called through which the glands of the exocrine system secrete substances? Are these secretions typically release inside the body or outside?
The tubes are called ducts; the secretions are released outside the body ("exo" in exocrine is similar to "exit", or going out)
The pineal gland regulates our sleep-wake cycle through the release of what hormone?
melatonin
What is the difference between the functions of the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla?
The adrenal cortex produces hormones that are vital to life; the adrenal medulla produces hormones that are not vital to life.
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers that affect the activities of other parts of the body.
Name a disorder of an exocrine glands.
salivary gland disease
What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
Secretion of digestive enzymes
Why is a healthy thyroid especially important for babies and children?
Thyroid hormones are crucial to brain development in children, especially before birth.
What role do the adrenal glands play in the body's immune functions?
Some hormones released by the cortex layer of the adrenal glands assist the immune system by acting as a natural anti-inflammatory.
Why do hormones affect only some cells?
Hormones are designed with a certain chemical structure that allows them to interact only with their target cells.
Name some foods that protect against pancreatic cancer.
onions, kale, spinach, blueberries, apples, white beans
Why are vegetables important for healthy glands?
How does prayer help support a healthy endocrine system?
The time you spend with God in prayer can help lower your stress levels. God will give you the strength to endure difficult situations.
_____________ are organs that release fluids or hormones.
glands
An _____________ gland releases its substance through a duct.
exocrine
An ______________ gland releases hormones directly into the bloodstream.
endocrine
Chemical messengers that affect the activities of other parts of the body are called ______________.
hormones
Hormones interact only with their ___________ _______.
target cells
metabolism
The hormones secreted by the ___________ regulate the function of the pituitary gland.
hypothalamus
The _____________ has both exocrine and endocrine function.
pancreas
The __________ shrinks as a person ages.
thymus
The pineal gland is located in the _____________.
brain
Which gland is responsible for producing tears?
lachrymal
Which gland produces saliva?
salivary gland
Which gland produces an oil that protects the hair and forms a water-repellent layer on the skin?
sebaceous gland
Which gland produces a fluid that helps keep a person from overheating?
sweat gland
Which gland produces milk for the nourishment of babies?
Which gland produces human growth hormone?
pituitary gland
Which gland regulates a person's sleep-wake cycle?
pineal gland
Which gland releases hormones that regulate the body's metabolism?
thyroid
Which gland releases a hormone primarily responsible for controlling the amount of calcium in the blood?
parathyroid
Which gland aids (helps) in the maturing of (growing of) T cells?
thymus
Which gland is responsible for the production of adrenaline?
adrenal gland
Which gland helps maintain healthy blood sugar levels?
pancreas
Men should monitor their risk of cancer of this gland.
prostate