A
What part of the brain is hypokinetic dysarthira associated with?
The basal ganglia control circuit
What neurotransmitter is associated with hypokinetic dysarthria?
Dopamine
How do other people describe the voices of someone with hypokinetic dysarthria?
Quiet or weak, rate is too fast, words are indistinct
How can the face of patients with hypo be described?
Masked or unsmiling
Why is a conversational speech assessment necessary?
To identify prosodic abnormalities
Where can hypokinetic dysarthria manifest itself?
Any or all respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory levels
What happens when substansia nigra neurons are destroyed?
Dopamine supply to the striatum is reduced, which diminishes its role in the basal ganglia control circuit
T/F: It is easy for someone with hypokinetic dysarthria to get their speech started.
False, it is hard to get speech started
What actions accompanying speech are reduced?
Blink frequency, movement of eyes, face, hands, arms, and trunk
What can be done to assess loudness and quality?
Vowel prolongation
What speech characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria are most evident?
Voice, articulation, and prosody
What happens in the basal ganglia to cause rigidity?
Too much dampening of cortical output
Why do patients w/ hypokinetic dysarthria describe their speech as stuttered?
They may have syllable, word, or sound repetitions in speech
When/where can tremor be observed?
Jaw and lips; tongue upon protrusion
Distinguishing phonatory qualities include
reduced loudness, reduced utterance length
What physiologic effects are reflected in hypokinetic dysarthria?
Rigidity, reduced range, reduced force, slow individual movements, fast repetitive movements
What is a physical sign of hypokinetic dysarthria?
Rigidity
What do patients describe happens before doses of medication?
False, tight or stiff upper lip does
Distinguishing articulatory qualities include
T/F: Hypokinetic dysarthria has slow AMRs
False; it is the only type with fast AMRs
What are the non-speech signs of parkinsonism?
Resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia or hypokinesia, akinesia, postural abnormalities
T/F: Patients may complain of speech fatigue or drooling and swallowing complaints with hypokinetic dysarthria
True!
Describe AMRs in hypokinetic dysarthria patients
Rapid in rate and slowly initiated
Distinguishing prosodic qualities include