Cognitive Maps
Mental representation of geographical information.
What is a cognitive map?
Distances seem shorter when there are fewer of these between locations.
What are intervening cities?
Bias causing distances to seem larger across geographic borders.
What is border bias?
Tendency to regularize angles to 90 degrees.
What is the 90-degree-angle heuristic?
Fastest spatial dimension according to Franklin and Tversky.
What is above-below?
Knowledge acquired from learning a map or exploring an environment.
What is survey knowledge?
Researcher who studied the effect of intervening cities on distance estimates.
Who is Thorndyke?
Effect causing important destinations to seem closer.
What is the landmark effect?
Tendency to remember tilted figures as more vertical or horizontal.
What is the rotation heuristic?
Slowest spatial dimension according to Franklin and Tvers
What is left-right?
Judgments are easier when this matches between your mental map and a physical map.
What is orientation?
Locations are often estimated as farther apart when they are in different countries.
What is a category effect?
Oregon and Washington were used in research demonstrating this bias.
What is border bias?
Tendency to think separate structures are more lined up than they really are.
What is the alignment heuristic?
Model emphasizing the importance of the above-below dimension.
What is the Spatial Framework Model?