Basic learning concepts and classical conditioning I
________is the process of acquiring expirience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
Learning
_________ is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
_______ is an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior towards closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
Shaping
Define instinctive drift
tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert to biologically predisposed patterns.
Define latent learning
learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
How do we learn by association?
By connecting events that occur in sequence
What kind of conditioning helps us prepare for good and back situations?
Classical conditioning
True or False
Positive reinforcement strenghtens a response by reducing or removing sometin negative
False, Negative reinforcement strenghtens a response by reducing or removing sometin negative
Learning by observation is also known as___________.
Observational learning
On what lobe are mirror neurons found?
The process of learning associations is conditioning. What are the 2 main forms?
2)Operant conditioning
In Little Albert's experiment, what what the (US)unconditioned stimulus and the (NS)neutral stimulus?
Unconditioned stimulus was the loud noise
Neutral stimulus was the rat before being linked to the loud noise
Who influenced the intellectual herritage of operant conditioning?
B F Skinner
A mental representation of the layout of one's environment is known as, ________________.
Congnitive map
Knowing your way from the bed to the bathroom in the dark is an example of what type of learning?
Latent Learning
Why are habits hard to break?
When we repeat behaviors, we are learning by association, a lot of the time without awareness
In classical conditioning, what is it called when a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus?
Acquisition
What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning links involuntary response with a neutral stimulus. Operant conditioning links voluntary response with a consequence.
Process of observing and imitating a behavior
Modeling
When we remember things from our past and imagine a future, this is known as ____________.
Mental representation
Explain Pavlov's experiment.
unconditioned stimuli US (food) cause unconditioned response in the dog (salivation)
Hes used neutral stimuli (bell) before given the dog food.
After repeating the bell several times, the dog began to salivate when he would hear the bell.
The bell turned from a neutral stimuli to a conditioned stimuli
Define the following abbreviations:
NS
US
UR
CS
CR
NS- neutral stimulus
US- unconditioned response
UR- unconditioned response
CS- conditioned stimulus
CR- conitioned response
Why did Skinner's ideas provoke controversy?
People believed that Skinner's ideas dehumanized people by neglectin their personal freedom and was a way to control people's actions
Biological predisposition to learn associations that have survival values
Preparedness
Your dog running to greet you when you arrive home is an example of what type of conditioning?
Operant conditioning