Brain
Where is the longitudinal fissure?
Down the middle of your brain, separates the left and right hemispheres
Where do you find Nodes of Ranvier?
In between the schwann cells on an axon
What is an association neuron?
neuron in the CNS that connects sensory and motor neurons
Where are the gray and white matter located in the spinal cord?
White matter around the outside, gray matter on the inside
What is an effector?
a structure (usually cells in an organ or muscle) that respond to a signal.
Where is cerebrospinal fluid formed?
choroid plexus in the epithlalmus
What is another name for afferent nerves?
Sensory Nerves
What are the functions of the vestibulocochlear nerves?
balance and hearing
Where is the subarachnoid space?
between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, CSF circulates here
What is the function of myelin?
to create an insulating layer around the axon of a nerve
What are the three parts of the brain stem?
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Do neurons or neuroglia divide?
neuroglia divide
What is a neurotransmitter?
a chemical messenger that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
regulation: body temp, water balance, metabolism
list the 5 steps of a reflex arc in order
Stimulus at a sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integration center (association neuron), motor neuron, and effector.
What are sulci? – gyri?
Gyri: Ridges/bumps on brain
Sulci: grooves on brain surface
What is a synapse?
area where nerves meet (junction)
What ion diffuses out of the cell after the action potential starts?
K+ (Potassium Ion)
What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems do?
Sympathetic: fight or flight (E division: exercise, embarrassment, emergency, excitement)
Parasympathetic: rest and digest (D division: digest, defecate, diuresis)
What cells form the myelin sheath in the CNS? the PNS?
CNS: oligodendrocytes
PNS: Schwann Cells
What lobe contains the primary motor area?
Frontal Lobe
What is the difference between sensory neurons and motor neurons?
sensory carry impulse/stimulus into the CNS, motor carry impulse away from CNS, to the effector
What is the difference between depolarization and repolarization? (Charges and what happens)
Depolarization: Na+ in, K+ out, changes inside of nerve cell to be more positive, and outside more negative
Repolarization: K+ in, Na+ out, return to resting state (inside more negative, outside more positive)
Put the meninges in order from outermost to innermost.
Dura mater (outermost), Arachnoid mater (middle), Pia mater (innermost)
What are the 4 traumatic brain injuries we studied?
concussion, contusion, cerebral edema, subdural hematoma