Glycolysis
What molecule is glucose broken down into during glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What molecule enters the citric acid cycle after glycolysis?
Acetyl-CoA
Where does the electron transport chain occur in the cell?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the term for a reaction where a molecule loses electrons?
Oxidation
Approximately how many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?
30-32 ATP
How many ATP are produced net during glycolysis?
2 ATP
How many NADH molecules are produced per turn of the citric acid cycle?
3 NADH
Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Oxygen
What is the term for a reaction where a molecule gains electrons?
Reduction
What is the main purpose of ATP in cells?
To provide energy for cellular processes.
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
Cytoplasm
Which molecule is produced as a waste product during the citric acid cycle?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
What is produced as a result of oxygen accepting electrons in the electron transport chain?
Water
What role do redox reactions play in cellular respiration?
They transfer electrons to release energy for ATP production.
What is the significance of ATP synthase in ATP production?
It synthesizes ATP using the energy from the proton gradient.
What are the end products of glycolysis?
2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
What is the total number of FADH2 produced per cycle?
1 FADH2
How many ATP are produced by oxidative phosphorylation?
Approximately 26-28 ATP
During cellular respiration, what happens to the energy released from redox reactions?
It is used to pump protons and create ATP.
In what processes is ATP generated during cellular respiration? (There's 3)
Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the fate of pyruvate if oxygen is not present?
It is converted to lactate (in animals) or ethanol (in yeast).
What type of reactions occur during the citric acid cycle?
Redox reactions and decarboxylation reactions.
What is the name of the enzyme that uses the proton gradient to synthesize ATP?
ATP synthase
In cellular respiration, what happens to NAD+ during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
It is reduced to NADH.
What happens to ATP production if oxygen is not available?
Anaerobic respiration occurs, producing less ATP (e.g., fermentation).