Fluids Everywhere
What are fluids?
any liquids or gases
What is the difference between turbulent and laminar flow?
Turbulent flow is choppy and irregular whereas laminar flow is smooth.
What is surface tension?
The strong attraction of particles on a liquid's surface
What is the study of fluid dynamics and what two other areas does it encompass?
The study of the movement of fluids. Aerodynamics refers to gases and hydrodynamics studies liquids.
What does the particle theory of matter help us do?
Explain why fluids act the way they do
Why do we study streamlining?
Helps to improve efficiency of various products to ensure for more laminar flow
Give an example of cohesion and adhesion in the real world
Cohesion: Maple syrup
Adhesion: Milk sticking to sides of glass or skin
Why is it important to study fluid mechanics?
Helps us to understand how fluids behave in motion and at rest to further improve our systems and better understand our body's functions
What is a solid that behaves as a fluid? Why does this appear as so?
Salt because it "pours" and takes on shape of container. In reality, salt particles are piling up
Why can't solids flow? Use the particle theory of matter to explain.
The particles are very close together and forces of attraction are strong so they have little to no movement and have their own definite shape.
What is the relationship between flow rate and viscosity?
As a fluid's viscosity increases, its flow rate decreases. In other words, the more viscous a fluid is, the slower it flows.
Give an example of how fluid control helps the food industry.
Ethylene gas is controlled to stall ripening process of fruits and vegetables as they travel for import/export. This increases their shelf life until it can be taken home by customers.
Name 3 examples of essential fluids
air, saliva, blood
What are two characteristics of all fluids?
They can flow and take on the shape of their container *(do not have a definite shape of their own)
How is flow rate affected by cohesion and adhesion?
It creates resistance which slows down a fluid's ability to flow
Blood thinners are medications that allow a lesser blood flow to occur in order to prevent clotting.
Give an example of how technology is needed to maintain the health of our bodies' fluid systems
Some people's kidneys can not filter waste from the blood so they go through dialysis treatment where the machine performs this function instead
What five statements are made under the particle theory of matter?
1. all matter is made of tiny particles
2. particles have empty spaces between them
3. particles are moving randomly all the time
4. particles move faster and spread farther apart when they are heated
5. particles attract each other
Why do fluids travel faster in the center of pipes than along the edges?
Due to adhesion - the fluid's attraction to the material the pipes and tubes are made of slows down the flow of the fluid.
Name two economic benefits of fluid flow and two environmental costs that are a result of human control of flowing fluids
Economic Benefits: Keeps produce/product longer so can travel places far and wide (sales) AND helps to produce electricity through hydro-electric power plants
Environmental Costs: Loss of land due to flooding (can ruin reserves, habitats) AND harm to fish populations through water contamination