Terms
What is a utopia?
a perfect place to live
The Second Great Awakening led certain groups to have more rights. Which ones?
women and African Americans
In what ways did slaves find comfort in religion?
Many slaves were allowed to worship together
It provided hope of salvation
It gave them an opportunity to dance and sing spirituals. What were those?
Emotional songs that expressed religious beliefs
What is the cult of domesticity?
the concept of women focusing on housework and childcare
Until the 1820s what step of producing clothing was the only step being performed in factories?
spinning cotton into thread
What is emancipation?
freeing of slaves
What did the Second Great Awakening have in common with Jacksonian Democracy?
It emphasized the power of the average citizen
Why were slaves encouraged to have families?
-it led to more slaves
-slaveholders thought it would make them less likely to run away or rebel
What movement inspired women to seek equal rights?
The Second Great Awakening
Why did the mill girls at the Lowell Mills go on strike?
their pay was cut by 15%
When was the Antebellum period?
pre-civil war
What is civil disobedience?
a non-violent form of protesting where people do not obey laws if they consider them unjust
Why did many white factory workers move out of urban areas in the south?
the promise of making money in the coffee industry
Even though women were taxpayers, what were they not allowed to do?
vote, sit on juries, enter contracts (except marriages)
How did people respond to the Lowell Mill strikes?
the girls on strike were critiqued by the press and clergy
the leaders of the strike were fired
What is a revival?
an emotional meeting designed to awaken religious faith through impassioned preaching and prayer
How were the beliefs of the Unitarians similar to the Revivalists?
they believed that individual and social reform was both possible and important
Slaves became skilled workers in what occupations?
blacksmiths, shipbuilders, and carpenters
Why did women seek to ban alcohol during the temperance movement?
they believed it brought out the worst in people
What were the striking mill girls demanding?
for their wages to return to what they were before the cuts
What is transcendentalism?
a philosophical and literary movement that emphasized living a simple life; celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination
Most utopian communities were short lived. What did their founders do when they failed?
Many of their founders did not get discouraged and became active in humanitarian reform movements including abolition and women’s rights
What was the bloodiest slave revolt in the US?
Nat Turner's Rebellion
In 1837, what did Ohio's Oberlin College do making it unique?
admitted 4 women, becoming the nation's first co-ed college
What countries were the majority of the immigrants in the US from in the mid-1800s?
Ireland, Germany, and Britain