General Knowledge
Organized knowledge about the world
Semantic Memory
The item that is the best, most typical example of a category
Prototype
Higher-level, general category
Superordinate Level Category
Propose a network-style organization of concepts in memory, with numerous interconnections
Network models
A general rule that is typically accurate
Heuristic
General knowledge about a situation, event, or person
Schemas
Argues that we decide whether an item belongs to a category by comparing it to a prototype
Prototype Approach
Moderately specific category
Basic Level Category
Knowledge about facts and things
Declarative Knowledge
Simple, well-structured sequence of events in specified order
Script
Logical interpretations and conclusions not part of the original stimulus
Inferences
The degree to which a member is representative of their category
Prototypicality
Lower-level, specific category
Subordinate Level Category
Smallest unit of knowledge that can be judged as true
Proposition
List of events that a person believes would be the most important throughout his or her lifetime
Life Script
Mental representation of a category
Concept
No single attribute is shared by all examples of a concept; however, each example has at least one attribute in common with some other example of the concept
Family Resemblance
Basic-level names are more likely to produce
Semantic Priming Effect
Proposes that cognitive processes can be represented by a model in which activation flows through networks that link together a large number of simple, neuron-like units
Parallel Distributed Processing Approach
Our tendency to remember having viewed a greater portion of a scene than was actually shown
Boundary Extension
Set of objects that belong together
Category
When people judge typical items (prototypes) faster than items that are not typical (nonprototypes)
Typicality Effect
Different levels of categorization activate
Different regions of the brain
A pattern of interconnected propositions
Propositional Network
A memory process that stores the meaning of a message, rather than the exact words
Abstraction