Hyperkinetic dysarthria basics
What speech characteristics are predominantly affected in hyperkinetic dysarthria?
prosady and rate
general term that refers to involuntary movements regardless of etiology
Dyskinesia
characterized by slow, writhing, purposeless movements that tend to flow into one another.
athetosis
sudden forced inspiration and expiration is seen in?
chorea
reduced pitch and pitch variability are characteristics of?
a. spasmodic torticollis
b. tourettes
A
hyperkinesia indicates the presences of __________ or ________ movements that can range in rate from fast to slow.
extra or involuntary
rapid, stereotyped, coordinated or patterned movements that are under partial voluntary control.
tics
term designating various abnormal muscular contractions
spasm
slow rate and decreased precision are articulatory and prosodic characteristics of?
action myoclonus
myoclonic movements of palate, pharynx and larynx is a physical characteristic of what type of hyperkinetic dysarthria?
palatopharyngolaryngeal myoclonus
Hyperkinetic dysarthria is usually associated with dysfunction of the _______ but can also be involved with ___________.
the basal ganglia control circuit, cerebellar control circuit or other portions of the extrapyramidal system
characterized by involuntary single or repetitive brief, lightening-like jerks of a body part; jerks can be rhythmic or nonrhythmic. Cannot be inhibited willfully.
myoclonus
a collection of incompletely understood syndromes and physical signs that are characterized by involuntary abnormal postures resulting from excessive co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles
dystonia
What is the primary patient complaint with Tourette's syndrome?
awareness of tics and compulsion to preform them and the inability to inhibit them for long periods of time.
Name a perceptual characteristics of essential voice tremor?
quivering, rythmic, waxing and waing tremor.
normal pitch and loudness but variability may be restricted or altered by the tremor.
Hyperkinetic dysarthrias are perceptually distinguishable from other dysarthria types, and observing the visibly abnormal orofacial, head, and respiratory _______ that underlie them often facilitates their diagnosis
movements
what is chorea?
characterized by involuntary rapid, nonstereotypic, random, purposeless movements of body structures.
what is a tremor?
Involves rhythmic (periodic) movements of a body part.
hyper nasality is a characteristic of what hyperkinetic dysarthria?
dystonia
essential voice tremor
The deviant speech characteristics of hypkinetic dysarthria are the product of?
abnormal, rhythmic or irregular and unpredictable, rapid or slow involuntary movements.
what is Ballismus?
involves gross, abrupt contractions of axial and proximal muscles of the extremities that can produce wild flailing movements.
What are the 6 types of tremors?
Resting tremor: when body part is in repose
Postural tremor: when the body part is maintained against gravity
Action tremor: during movement
Terminal tremor: as the body part nears a target
Essential tremor (ET): occurs with sustained posture and action and commonly affects the upper limbs, head, or voice. Most often affects the hands.
Palatal tremor: has distinctive effects of speech
the voice is interrupted by brief, inappropriate breathy or aphonic segments in what type of hyperkinetic dysarthria?
Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia
Name a perceptual and a physical characteristic of hyperkinetic dysarthria of dystonia?
See table