8.1
When you only have measured variables, you are most likely making an ________ claim.
What is association?
Outliers, restriction of range, and small sample sizes affect the ________ validity of an association claim.
What is statistical?
Correlational studies do not satisfy all three criteria for a causal claim. They may show covariance but they typically do not satisfy ____ and ___.
What is temporal precedence and internal validity?
A correlation that looks like this \ would be said to be ________
What is negative?
A researcher found that depression and anxiety are positively related (r = .75). Upon further investigation, she found that the relationship is stronger (r = .82) for college students than older adults (r = .52). Here age is a(n) ___ variable.
What is a moderating variable?
A significant link between collagen consumption and joint health of r = .12, p < .05 is representative of a ___ association, but can still be considered ___ to individuals such as athletes. This highlights that even small effect sizes can be meaningful.
What is weak positive and important?
Your friend just told you, “Cheering extra loud leads the UT basketball to score more points. So, you better cheer really loud if you go to a game.” To back up her claim she mentions that last year they went to a game where UT only scored 50 points, and the crowd was quiet. However, in the last game she went to the crowd was cheering loudly, and UT scored 90 points! Your friend appears to be confusing ___ with ___.
What is correlation and causation?
We would say there is ________ if our scatterplot looked like U or ---
What is no correlation?
In a research study, ___ variables help us clarify when or for whom a relationship between two variables exists and is related to ___ validity.
What is moderator and external?
A researcher expected to observe a positive relationship (r = .62) between depression and anxiety. However, he did not see a significant relationship in their data. Upon further inspection, they noticed that all the participants in their study scored very low on their depression measure. Their results were likely impacted by ____.
What is restriction of range?
We can ______ an experiment in order to increase statistical validity.
What is replicate?
A researcher found a positive relationship between age and well-being (r = .34). This type of person would most likely lead to an increase in the strength of the relationship.
What is an old person with high well-being?