How Memory Functions
What are the three main stages of memory?
The three main stages of memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval.
Which part of the brain is crucial for encoding new explicit memories?
The hippocampus plays a key role in encoding new explicit memories.
What is retroactive interference in memory?
Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the recall of previously learned information
What is elaborative rehearsal, and how does it help memory?
Elaborative rehearsal involves connecting new information to existing knowledge, which helps strengthen long-term memory retention
What is the role of the hippocampus in long-term memory formation?
The hippocampus is responsible for consolidating short-term memories into long-term memory. It plays a key role in encoding and retrieving explicit memories
What is encoding in the memory process?
Encoding is the process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.
How does the amygdala contribute to memory?
The amygdala processes emotions and is particularly involved in the storage of emotional memories, especially fear-related ones
What is proactive interference in memory?
Proactive interference happens when old information interferes with the ability to remember new information
How does sleep improve memory?
Sleep is essential for memory consolidation, where the brain processes and stores information from the day
How does stress impact memory?
Stress can impair memory, particularly by affecting the hippocampus, which is involved in the formation of new memories. Chronic stress may lead to difficulty in remembering information and can cause memory loss
What is storage in the memory process?
Storage is the process of maintaining information over time, ensuring it is retained for future use
What role does the cerebellum play in memory?
The cerebellum is involved in the formation and retention of implicit memories, such as motor skills and conditioned reflexes
What is the misinformation effect?
The misinformation effect occurs when the recall of memories is altered by misleading information presented after the event
What is the spacing effect in memory?
The spacing effect suggests that information is better retained when learning is spread out over time, rather than crammed in one session.
What is the “flashbulb memory” phenomenon?
Flashbulb memories are vivid, detailed memories of emotionally significant events. People tend to remember these events with clarity, but their
What is retrieval in the memory process?
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory when needed.
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in memory?
The prefrontal cortex is involved in working memory, decision-making, and the processing of complex cognitive tasks.
What is the difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia involves the loss of past memories, while anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to form new memories.
How can visualization improve memory retention?
Visualization helps memory by creating mental images that make information more vivid and easier to recall
How can cognitive load affect memory performance?
Cognitive load refers to the amount of mental effort being used in working memory. High cognitive load can overwhelm the brain’s processing capacity, leading to decreased memory performance and difficulty retaining new information.
How do automatic and effortful processing differ?
Automatic processing involves unconscious encoding, while effortful processing requires conscious effort and attention.
What part of the brain is associated with procedural memory?
The basal ganglia is primarily responsible for procedural memory, such as skills and habits
How does the decay theory explain forgetting?
The decay theory suggests that memories fade over time if they are not actively rehearsed or used
What is the importance of retrieval practice for memory?
Retrieval practice involves actively recalling information, which strengthens memory and enhances long-term retention
How can mindfulness improve memory?
Mindfulness enhances memory by promoting focused attention and reducing stress. Being present and aware in the moment helps to strengthen encoding and improve retention of new information