8.1
basal body
a centriole attached top the cytoplasm side of a plasma membrane that develops into a flagellum or cilium
chromoplasts
organelle (plastids) in plant cells that contain colored pigments that give plant structures their color
centroiles
barrel-shaped organelles (usually in pairs) in animal cells involved in separating chromosomes in mitosis and the formation of flagella and cilia
ribosomes
a cellular organelle where the messenger RNA is read to direct the sequence of amino acids in a newly forming protein molecule
crenated
a cell shrivels up because more water is leaving it going to the outside of the cell.
plastids
membrane-bound organelles in plant cells
flagellum (flagella)
a long whip like structure coming from a cell membrane for movement of a cell
lysosomes
vesicles containing proteolytic (protein destroying) enzymes
chloroplasts
organelle (plastids) in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs
electrical gradient
a plasma membrane with more positive or negative charges on one side of the membrane than the other
rough ER
where ribosomes are attached to endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis
leucoplasts
organelles (plastids) in plant cells that store starch as an energy reserve
cilium (cilia)
short hair -like structure sticking out from a cell membrane that is used for the motion of a cell
contractile vacuole
a membrane- bound structure in plant and algae cells that store water
diffusion
the movement of atoms and molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
oxidative phosphorylation
process in the mitochondria whereby a third phosphate is attached to ADP making ATP using oxygen and glucose in cellular respiration
smooth ER
endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached. It is involved in removing toxic substances from blood in the liver
photosynthesis
the process whereby plants and algae convert CO2 and H2O into glucose (C6H12O6) and O2
vesicles
membrane-bound structures formed on the ends of the Golgi bodies that contain proteins or other compounds synthesized by a cell
aquapores
a protein-lined channel where water molecules can move from one side of a plasma membrane to the other side
Golgi bodies (Golgi apparatus)
extensions of the endoplasmic reticulum where synthesized proteins are packaged in membrane-bound vesicles
outer covering of plant, algae, fungi and bacteria cells that prevent them from bursting from internal water pressure
endoplasmic reticula
organelles in eukaryote cells composed of large sheets of plasma membranes. Some have attached ribosomes for protein synthesis and transport proteins throughout a cell
active transport
the movement of a substance across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of greater concentration by a membrane pump using metabolic energy
concentration gradient
the region where molecules vary from higher to lower concentration