Cell Basics
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
Which organelle makes proteins?
Ribosomes
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
Cell Membrane
During diffusion, particles move from ______ concentration to ______ concentration.
High to Low
What term means maintaining relatively stable internal conditions?
Homeostasis
According to cell theory, where do new cells come from?
Existing Cells
Helps make and process proteins
Rough ER
The cell membrane is primarily made of two layers of what molecules?
Phospholipids
Does passive transport require cellular energy?
No
In which type of solution does an animal cell stay approximately the same size?
Isotonic
What structure is found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
Golgi apparatus
What does it mean when the cell membrane is selectively permeable?
It allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
Osmosis
An animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which direction does water move?
Out of the cell.
Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic
Stores water and other materials
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic: the head or the tails?
Head
What type of transport uses membrane proteins to move substances from high to low concentration without using cellular energy?
Facilitated Diffusion
An animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What happens to the cell?
Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell.
State the three parts of cell theory.
All living things are made of cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function; new cells come from existing cells.
Name three structures associated with plant cells that help distinguish them from animal cells.
Cell wall, chloroplast, and large central vacuole.
xplain the difference between the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails of phospholipids.
Hydrophilic heads are attracted to water; hydrophobic tails avoid/repel water.
A cell uses energy to move a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. What type of transport is occurring?
Active Transport
Membrane proteins that allow water to pass through the membrane.
Aquaporin