Siegler’s model to describe how strategies change over time; the view that multiple strategies exist within a child’s cognitive repertoire at any one time, with these strategies competing with one another for use.
What is adaptive strategy choice model
100
The ability to prevent ourselves from executing some cognitive or behavioral response.
What is inhibition
100
The ability to generate novel ideas or works that are useful and valued by others.
What is creativity
100
A large-scale preschool educational program designed to provide children from low-income families with a variety of social and intellectual experiences that might better prepare them for school.
What is Head Start
100
Thinking that requires one to come up with a single correct answer to a problem; what IQ tests measure.
What is convergent thinking
200
long-term memory for events.
What is event memory
200
Capacity to focus on task-relevant aspects of experience while ignoring irrelevant or distracting information.
What is selective attention
200
The possession of unusually high intellectual potential or other special talents.
What is gifted-ness
200
A measure of the amount and type of intellectual stimulation provided by a child’s home environment.
What is HOME inventory
200
A numerical measure of an infant’s performance on a developmental schedule relative to the performance of other infants of the same age.
What is developmental quotient (DQ)
300
A general measure of the amount of information that can be held in the short-term store.
What is memory span
300
Information-processing model that depicts information as flowing through three processing units (or stores)
What is multistore model
300
Intelligence tests constructed to minimize any irrelevant cultural biases in test content that could influence test performance.
What is culture fair tests
300
A theoretical perspective that portrays intelligence as a trait (or set of traits) on which individuals differ; psychometric theorists are responsible for the development of standardized intelligence tests.
What is psychometric approach
300
a strategy for remembering that involves repeating the items one is trying to retain.
What is rehearsal
400
One’s knowledge about cognition and about the regulation of cognitive activities.
What is metacognition
400
The hypothesis that analogical reasoning is available in infancy.
What is relational primacy hypothesis
400
Jensen’s term for lower-level intellectual abilities (such as attention and short-term memory) that are important for simple association learning.
What is Level I abilities
400
a recent information-processing theory of intelligence that emphasizes three aspects of intelligent behavior not normally tapped by IQ tests: the context of the action; the person’s experience with the task (or situation); and the information-processing strategies the person applies to the task (or situation).
What is triarchic theory of intelligence
400
An attentional disorder involving distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior that often leads to academic difficulties, poor self-esteem, and social or emotional problems.
What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
500
Theory proposed by Brainerd and Reyna that postulates that people encode experiences on a continuum from literal, verbatim traces to fuzzy, gist-like traces.
What is fuzzy-trace theory
500
A failure to benefit from effective strategies that one has spontaneously produced; thought to occur in the early phases of strategy acquisition when executing the strategy requires much mental effort.
What is utilization deficiency
500
The notion that groups differ in IQ because the environments in which they are raised are not equally conducive to intellectual growth.
What is environmental hypothesis
500
Jensen’s term for higher-level cognitive skills that are involved in abstract reasoning and problem solving.
What is Level II abilities
500
Widely used individual intelligence test that includes a measure of general intelligence and both verbal and performance intelligence.
What is Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)