1
How many different judicial systems are there in the United States?
52
These defense attorneys are appointed by the government to defend someone who cannot afford an attorney.
Public Defender
A rule requiring that the communications between a client and his or her attorney be kept confidential.
Attorney Client Privilidge
When the defendant is released pretrial without any cash bail, but with the understanding they need to return for trial.
Released on Recognizance
This function of the courts emphasizes punishment and retribution.
Crime Control
This rule holds that prosecutors are not permitted to keep evidence from the defendant that may prove their innocence.
Brady Rule
A ________determines if there is probable cause, and the prosecution has presented enough evidence to charge the defendant with a crime.
Grand Jury
This function of the courts aims to protect individuals from the unfair advantages that the government has with its immense resources.
The formal process by which one legal authority, such as a state or nation, transfers a fugitive or a suspect to another legal authority that has a valid claim on that person.
Extradition
Courts of ___________ have no restrictions on the subject matter they may address, and therefore deal with the most serious felonies and civil cases
General Jurisdiction
Law that allows judges to act in the best interest of the community by denying bail to arrestees who have violent records, therefore preventing them from release pre trial.
Preventative Detention
Occurs when two different court systems have simultaneous jurisdiction over the same case, and is quite common.
Concurrent Jurisdiction
The SCOTUS consists of how many Justices?
9
These courts act as reviewing courts and use no juries or witnesses.
Appelate
Generally, a court can exercise its authority over residents of a certain area. A state trial court, for example, normally has jurisdictional authority over crimes committed in a particular area of the state, such as a county or a district. This is an example of?
Geographic Jurisdiction
_______ courts are concerned with questions of fact. They are designed to determine exactly what events occurred that are relevant to questions of the defendant's guilt or innocences.
Trial
A _______ is a prosecutor’s promise of concessions in return for the defendant's guilty plea, including a lesser charge.
Plea Bargain
Conditions under which a suspect can obtain release pending disposition of the case.
Bail
Court proceeding where the suspect is formally charged
Arriagnment
Charge issued by a grand jury that probable cause exists to believe that a named person has committed a crime.
With a ____________, the SCOTUS orders a lower court to send it the records of a case for review. A party can petition the SCOTUS to issue a ________, but whether the court will take the case is entirely up to the the Court’s discretion.
Writ of Cert
The Highest Appellate court in the state of New York is?
NYS Court of Appeals
List the three main tiers of the Federal Court System.
US District Courts
US Court of Appeals
SCOTUS
In the federal court system, there are ____ US court of appeals, also referred to as the US circuit courts of appeals.
13
These are the ONLY trial courts at the FEDERAL level.
US District Courts