VOCABULARY
This is the force that holds atoms together.
Chemical bond
Elements in the same vertical column on the periodic table are in the same ________.
group (or family)
Atoms bond because they want to become more ________.
stable
This type of bond forms when atoms share electrons.
covalent bond
A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
molecule
These are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.
Valence Electrons
Elements in the same group usually have the same number of these.
valence electrons
Most atoms are stable when they have this many valence electrons.
8
Water is an example of this type of substance made from two different elements.
compound
This molecule is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
H₂O
This diagram shows valence electrons as dots around an element symbol.
Electron dot diagram
These elements are found on the left side of the periodic table and are usually shiny.
metals
This is what we call the outermost energy level of an atom when discussing bonding.
valence shell/ outer energy level
A single bond means atoms share this many pairs of electrons.
1 pair
This kind of molecule has uneven sharing of electrons.
polar molecule
A substance made of two or more different elements chemically combined.
compound
These elements have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
metalloids
Hydrogen has this many valence electrons.
1
A double bond means atoms share this many pairs of electrons.
2 pairs
This kind of molecule has equal sharing of electrons.
nonpolar molecule
A bond formed when atoms share electrons.
covalent bond
These elements are in Group 18 and are already stable.
noble gases
Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, so it needs this many more to become stable.
2
A triple bond means atoms share this many pairs of electrons.
3 pairs
O₂ is an example of this type of molecule.
nonpolar molecule