General Knowledge
What is general knowledge?
General knowledge in psychology is a form of semantic memory. It involves mental processes, social behavior, and development acquire over time.
Prototype
The first or typical model of something.
What is basic level category?
Identifying something by the category most people prefer. An example would be, calling a Golden Retriever a dog rather than an animal.
Semantic Memory
Understanding of the world, vocabulary, and facts, forming the basis for language. Long term, conscious storage of general world knowledge an example would be knowledge of the encyclopedia.
This approach categorizes where something belongs by comparing it to the most typical example.
What is the prototype approach?
What is superordinate-level category?
General category, highest level. An example would be someone calling a dog an animal instead of a Border Collie.
Episodic Memory
Episodic memory involves specific past memories. It is mental time travel unique to an individual. An example, would be remember your first day at college.
Categorizing new objects by comparing them to stored memories of concrete examples rather than the prototype.
What is the exemplar approach?
Someone at a store points to an item and calls it a chair instead of furniture.
What is the basic level category?
Schemas
A pattern of thoughts or behaviors that organizes categories of information. Categorizes objects, people, or situations which is helpful for future interpretations.
Graded Structure
Members of a category are not equal and vary in how representative they are, demonstrating this continuum of representativeness within a category.
A person points to something and calls it a vehicle instead of a car.
What is superordinate-level category?
Inference
Prototypicality
What is semantic priming effect?
A cognitive phenomenon where exposure to a word facilities the next word faster. For example, seeing the word "doctor" first makes it easier to see the word "nurse after.