Definitions
Introduction of machinery powered by fossil fuels, marks by the shift from a rural, agricultural-based society to an urban, industry-based society.
Industrial Revolution
Average number of children a female member of a population gives birth to during her lifetime.
Total Fertility
Name the four stages in the demographic transition.
1) pre-industrial, 2) transitional, 3) industrial, 4) post-industrial
Name 3 national policies that influence population size.
Economic activities, education, reproductive health care.
Name a positive of technology.
Example: less harmful technology began reducing environmental impacts.
The number of infants per 1000 live births in a population that don't survive the first year of life.
Infant Mortality
Total fertility rate for a nation that would keep its population size stable.
Replacement Fertility
Death rates + Birth Rates are high, not much growth, lots of diseases. Which demographic transition is this?
Pre-Industrial
Name a reason that fertility rates tend to drop as a country progresses through the demographic transition.
* People tend to have more kids since some don't survive
* help with work on small farms
* rely on children to help parents when older
Name a negative of technology
Can lead to abusing resources
The average number of years a person is expected to live
Life expectancy
A theory that links lower birthrates and death rates in a population to improvements in education, economic conditions, and health care.
Demographic Transition
Birth + growth rates fall, increase in jobs. Which demographic stage of transition is this?
birth + growth rates fall, increase in jobs.
How are affluent countries and average ecological footprint connected?
The more affluent a country is, the bigger their ecological footprint is.
The change in the size of a population over a specific period of time.
3 environmental factors that limit human population growth are:
Food, water, land
Population is stable, or declining slowly, birth rates are stable. Which demographic transition stage is this?
Post-Industrial
What happens to poorer nations when population growth outpaces economic growth.
Governments are overwhelmed, later not being able to provide infrastructure that protects people + the environment (example: sewage treatment facilities).
Name an example of advancing technologies in agriculture during the industrial revolution.
Fossil fuel driven machines led to the ability to mass produce products.
The study of human populations and applying principles to human populations.
Demography
Means the pattern of where people live. Ie. how people arrange themselves.
Population Distribution
Death rate decreases, improvement in food + medical care, birth rate is still high, population increases. Which demographic transition is this?
Transitional
What is the percent of the available resources for the 4/5 of the world population or in other words, NOT the 20% richest individuals in the world?
14%
using technology to help them develop sustainable farming techniques.