Cell Isolation and Culture
These enzymes are used to dissociate tissues into single cells by digesting extracellular matrix proteins.
What are trypsin and collagenase?
This initial step reduces sample complexity by breaking cells and separating organelles.
What is subcellular fractionation?
Circular DNA molecules used as vectors to clone DNA fragments.
What are plasmids?
This technique separates DNA fragments by size using an electric field in a gel matrix.
What is gel electrophoresis?
The antibody used to detect a protein of interest directly is called this.
What is the primary antibody?
A reagent that chelates Ca2+ ions to help disrupt cell-cell adhesion.
What is EDTA?
Techniques that separate proteins based on their size and charge.
What are electrophoresis or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis?
The method of randomly breaking DNA into fragments to sequence large genomes.
What is shotgun sequencing?
A method where DNA fragments are transferred from a gel to a membrane for detection with labeled probes.
What is Southern blotting?
These antibodies bind to primary antibodies and are often labeled to increase detection sensitivity.
What are secondary antibodies?
Cells that have undergone genetic changes allowing indefinite proliferation in culture.
What are immortalized cells?
These proteins facilitate protein purification by binding specifically to the target protein.
What are antibodies?
Copies of DNA made from mRNA templates using reverse transcriptase.
What is cDNA?
Introducing DNA into bacterial cells to create clones is called this.
What is transformation or transfection?
A commonly used enzyme conjugated to antibodies for chromogenic detection.
What is horseradish peroxidase (HRP)?
Stem cells capable of differentiating into all cell types of the body.
What are embryonic stem cells?
Technology that allows bacteria to produce large amounts of a protein by inserting the corresponding gene.
What is recombinant DNA technology?
A complete collection of cloned DNA fragments representing all genes transcribed in a cell.
What is a cDNA library?
This enzyme synthesizes DNA from an RNA template in the production of cDNA.
What is reverse transcriptase?
The technique used to detect specific proteins on membranes after gel electrophoresis using antibodies.
What is Western blotting?
Cells grown in culture that have a finite number of divisions before senescence.
What are primary cells?
This type of chromatography separates proteins based on affinity to a specific ligand.
What is affinity chromatography?
Larger DNA fragments cloned in bacteria using bacterial artificial chromosomes are called this.
What are BACs?
This method rapidly analyzes the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously.
What is DNA microarray analysis?
This is a technique where antibody fragments with a single binding site are used to block cell adhesion in experiments.
What are Fab fragments?