Memory Basics
What are the three main functions of memory?
Encode, store, retrieve
How long does short-term memory typically last?
About 20–30 seconds
Which brain structure processes emotional memories such as fear?
Amygdala
Which neurotransmitter triggers the “fight or flight” response?
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
What does arousal theory suggest about emotion and memory?
Emotion strengthens memory
What is the process of changing information into a usable form called?
Encoding
What type of memory involves active processing and manipulation of information?
Working memory
Which brain structure is crucial for creating new memories?
Hippocampus
Which neurotransmitter influences motivation and attention in memory?
Dopamine
What are vivid, detailed memories of emotional events called?
Flashbulb memories
What type of processing requires focused attention and effort?
Effortful processing
Which brain structure is most important for forming new long-term memories?
Hippocampus
What part of the brain helps with motor learning, like riding a bike, or a new sports move?
Cerebellum
Which neurotransmitter supports synaptic plasticity and learning?
Glutamate
What process causes false memories to form?
Memory reconstruction
What kind of encoding involves remembering images or scenes?
Visual encoding
What type of memory involves learned skills and habits?
Implicit memory
Which brain region is more active during encoding information?
Left prefrontal cortex
Which neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional recall?
Serotonin
Are Flashbulb memories always accurate? Why/why not?
Not always. They can distort over time.
The Atkinson–Shiffrin model compares memory to what?
A computer
What kind of memory stores personal life events and experiences?
Episodic memory
The hippocampus belongs to which larger brain system?
Limbic system
Low levels of which neurotransmitter are linked to Alzheimer’s disease?
Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter links emotional arousal to memory consolidation?
Epinephrine (adrenaline)