How Memory Functions
The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness.
What is retrieval?
This part of the brain helps regulate emotions, influencing how memories are stored due to the impact of stress hormones.
What is the amygdala?
Loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. Difficulty remembering episodic memory.
What is retrograde amnesia?
Memory aids that help us organize information for encoding. This could include using acronyms or associations.
What are Mnemonic devices?
The set of processes used to encode, story, and retrieve information over different periods of time.
What is memory?
Memories we consciously try to remember, recall, and report.
What are explicit memories?
This part of the brain is involved in normal recognition memory and spatial memory, impacting things such as object recognition. It also helps give memories meaning, connect them with other memories, and transfer new learning into long-term memory.
What is the hippocampus?
Commonly caused by brain trauma, this occurs when you cannot remember new information, although you can remember information and event that happened prior to your injury. Often affected by damage to the hippocampus.
What is anterograde amnesia?
When you organize information into manageable bits. Useful with remembering dates and phone numbers.
What is chunking?
This describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.
What is suggestibility?
What are implicit memories?
What is the cerebellum?
When we can't remember something because we never stored it in our memory in the first place. Likely due to not paying attention.
What is encoding failure?
A technique in which you think of the meaning of new information and it's relation to knowledge already stored in your memory.
What is elaborative rehearsal?
Two things you can do to aid your memory that you can do everyday that do not require studying or reviewing material.
What are sleep and exercise/movement?
This memory stores brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. Typically for only a couple seconds.
What is sensory memory?
The belief that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and vice versa.
What is arousal theory?
This happens when we think an outcome was inevitable after the fact. The "I knew it all along" phenomenon.
What is hindsight bias?
When you study across time in short durations rather than trying to cram it all in at once.
What is distributed practice?
The three types of encoding
What are semantic encoding, visual encoding, and acoustic encoding?
This memory stores information about events we have personally experienced. It is usually reported as a story.
What is episodic memory?
The group of neurons that serve as the "physical representation of memory."
What is the engram?
The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ______, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.
What is construction and reconstruction?
When you make the material you are trying to memorize personally meaningful to you.
What is the self-reference effect?
The seven sins of memory, according to Daniel Schacter.
What are Transience, Absentmindedness, Blocking, Misattribution, Suggestibility, Bias, and Persistence?