Inspired to Improve
What is temperance?
Why was this concept pursued?
Temperance was the concept of abolishing the consumption/distribution of alcohol.
Alcohol at the time was seen as an immoral act, it was also seen as destroying families and causing those who consume it to act irrationally.
Define abolish and emancipate, how are they related in our unit?
Abolish: to put an end to
Emancipate: to set free (from legal restrictions)
They are both related to slavery - people wished to abolish slavery and emancipate slaves.
What was the name of the first National Women's meeting?
Also, for an extra 100 pts, what document did they establish there, founded closely after a founding document for the US.
The Seneca Falls Convention.
The Declaration of Sentiments.
What is a Strike?
How is it relevant to Labor Reform?
A strike is an organized movement to refuse to work to further a goal, such as a pay raise or to protest another wrongdoing by who runs where you work.
Strikes were one of the main tools workers used to push for labor reform.
Name at least 3 methods that reformers used to achieve their goals
Petitions - calling upon Congress
Speeches - Frederick Douglass / Sojourner Truth
Writing - The Liberator (William Lloyd Garrison)
Strikes - Collective action
Societies - Anti-Slavery Society
Conventions - Seneca Falls Convention
What is civil disobedience?
Civil disobedience is the idea that you can disregard and act against laws you see as unjust, not freeing yourself from the consequences however.
What is a spiritual and what did people do at them?
They were large gatherings where people came to preach and worship.
What was the cult of domesticity?
What is an apprentice, journeyman, and master?
How are they related?
Apprentice: young beginner learning a trade "student in training"
Journeyman: finished training, skilled but does not own their own shop "skilled worker"
Master: owns their own shop or business "expert"
These are all typical steps in a career path, this was the path before factories. After factories, there was less specialized workers since they only had to do monotonous tasks.
Name at least 2 reasons why these reforms we discussed met opposition
It threatened to disrupt tradition
It threatened money or jobs
Fear of social disorder or rebellion
Religious grounds
Racism
Sexism
Violence
Lack of awareness/education
What is a utopian community?
Name one of the three we discussed.
Why were they made?
A utopian community is an intentional society designed to create a perfect social, political, and economic environment, often based on idealistic principles and collective living.
Shakers, Brook Farms, or the Fruitlands.
They were made in an effort to create a perfect society.
Give examples of things that southern laws did to prohibit blacks' certain freedoms. What did laws make it so they could not do?
Southern laws prohibited activities such as:
Education
Voting
Serving on juries
Testifying
Free movement
Who was Isabella Baumfree, and what was her significance?
Isabella Baumfree was known to many as Sojourner Truth, escaped slavery to become a travelling preacher and activist. She was an important voice in the abolition and women's rights movements.
Name at least 2 issues that were present in the labor industry that sparked the labor reform movement.
Long work days (12-14 hrs), Child labor (as young as 6yrs working), Safety conditions (unsafe, could lose limbs), Pay (very bad, no minimum wage), job insecurity (could be fired on a whim).
How were the reform movements of the early 1800s connected to each other?
Many leaders and activists were involved in multiple reform movements.
They had common methods and strategies to make the reforms happen.
They had common opposition to their movements.
Who was Dorothea Dix?
Why was what she did important?
She was a woman reformer during the reform movement that focused on prison reform.
Her efforts led to better prison conditions and ended up with the creation of mental hospitals.
Who was Nat Turner?
What did he do and why does it matter?
Nat Turner was an enslaved Black preacher; he was born into slavery. He believed that he himself was chosen by God to bring his people to freedom.
In August of 1831, he led a slave rebellion, burning plantations and killing whites they came across. It terrified the South and resulted in even stricter slave codes.
Name 3 things that women abolitionists did at the time in an effort to further change.
Women Abolitionists did things like:
Raise Money
Petition Congress
Distribute Literature
Hold Meetings
Give Speeches
What is the cottage industry?
It was a system of production where goods were made at homes by families typically instead of in factories. This was typically how stuff was made before factories came along.
How do these reform movements matter today?
While they may not have achieved their goals at that time, they laid the foundations for many rights and protections that exist today.
What was the Second Great Awakening?
How is this important to reform?
What did the movement teach people?
The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that emphasized individualism and personal salvation.
It is relevant because it led to the growth of moral and social activism.
The movement taught people that you can determine your outcome, your destiny is not predetermined.
Who was Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison?
How are they related?
Frederick Douglass was a free black man who wrote an autobiography detailing the horrors of slavery.
William Lloyd Garrison was a white man who founded an anti-slavery newspaper.
They were both important abolitionists who were also writers.
Name one of the two significant women's schools that we discussed this unit or the names of the women who established them.
Tell me why this was important.
Schools: Troy Female Seminary, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (I will accept "school run by Grimke sisters" as well)
Importance: These were among the first educational opportunities beyond elementary school for women as education was scarce.
What organization attempted to unite multiple skilled trade unions across the country?
The National Trades Union, it had goals to do things like improve pay, working hours, and working conditions for skilled workers. It was the first attempt at a national labor union demonstrating the importance of collective action across cities and trades.
With the many reform movements we have covered, connect each of them to a modern-day movement.
Abolition:
Racial Justice movements
Prison Reform
Immigration Rights
Women's Rights:
Equal Pay debates
Women in Leadership
Gender Equality
Labor Reform:
Minimum Wage / Unions
Worker Safety
Work-Life Balance
Temperence:
Drugs / Public Health policy
Mental Health awareness
Social Media regulation