Key Concepts
Title given to Charlemagne by the pope on Christmas Day, 800
What is Emperor of the Romans?
Monk of the Abbey of Jarrow in northern England, author of The Ecclesiastical History of the English People
Who is St. Bede the Venerable (673–735)?
Son of Charles Martel, first Carolingian king of the Franks
Who is Pepin the Short (714–768)?
This Battle was fought in 732. Charles Martel led the Franks against the Muslims.
What was the Battle of Tours
They controlled part of the Iberian Peninsula was called Al-Andalus.
Who are the Muslims?
“image-breaking,” the rejection of the use of images depicting holy people and things as idolatry as well as the destruction of such images
What is iconoclasm?
Eastern Roman Emperor who defeated the Muslims and stopped their advance into Europe. Leo became an advocate of a heresy called iconoclasm.
Who is Leo III the Isaurian (675–741)?
Apostle to the Germans, crowned Pepin king of the Franks Charles the Great
Who is St. Boniface (680–754)?
This was the nearly-800 year struggle to retake the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims. It began under Don Pelayo.
What was the Reconquest?
St. Bede the Venerable was the monk of Jarrow Abbey who wrote this church history
What is Ecclesiastical History of the English People?
“right teaching”; capitalized, the word Orthodox came to refer to the Eastern branch of Christianity
What is Orthodox?
Arabic Muslim conqueror of Iberia
Who is Tarik (died ca. 720)?
“Charlemagne,” son of Pepin the Short, king of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans
Who is Charles the Great (742–814)?
At this battle the Muslims defeated the Visigoths. Following the battle, the Muslims were able to conquer nearly all of Spain
What is the battle of La Janda or Guadalete
The first Carolingian king was Pepin the Short. He said he should have the title of king because he was exercising the power of a king as this title
What is mayor of the palace?
The Arabic name for Spain or Iberia
What is Al-Andalus?
First king of Asturias, commander of Christian resistance against the Muslim conquerors
Who is Don Pelayo (died 737)
English monk and scholar, Charlemagne’s supervisor of schools and teacher at the royal court
Who is Alcuin (735–804)?
An iconodule is one who serves images or favors their use in worship. The day the icons were solemnly restored to the churches is known as this.
What is the Triumph of Orthodoxy?
Charles the Great was crowned emperor on Christmas Day, 800 by this pope
Who is Pope Leo III?
The great natural harbor of Constantinople through which the city became rich and powerful
What is the Golden Horn?
“Known as the the Hammer,” mayor of the palace, victor at Tours
Who is Charles Martel (689–741)?
If Leo had not defeat this person, the pagan tribes of Eastern Europe would probably have become Muslim.
Who is Maslama?
St. Boniface is the bishop who converted these people, and restored the Bavarian Church.
Who were the Hessians?
At this place, Don Pelayo and the remnant of the free Christians on the Iberian Peninsula defeated a Muslim force.
What is Covadonga?