Vocab
only certain things can pass through it
semi-permeable
maximum quantity of energy needed for chemical reaction to occur
activation energy
metabolic pathway regulation, when enzyme in pathway is inhibited by final product of pathway
feedback inhibition
amount of disorder, delta S
entropy
gain of electrons
reduction
the sum total of all the chemical reactions in an organism
metabolism
molecule with similar size and shape as substrate competes with substrate for access to the active site
competitive inhibition
energy that is stored in bonds
potential energy
determines whether a reaction is spontaneous or requires added energy to proceed
Gibb's free energy
specific target molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme
substrate
condensation reaction in regards to metabolism
anabolism
molecule causes change in enzyme shape by binding to enzyme at location other than active site, can activate or deactivate enzyme
allosteric regulation
total energy in a molecule, delta H
enthalpy
delta G = deltaH - TdeltaS
standard free-energy change equation
how much product is formed in a given amount of time
rate of chemical reaction
hydrolysis reaction in regards to metabolism
catabolism
changes enzymes primary structure, can be reversible or irreversible
covalent modification
release heat energy, products have less potential energy than reactants
exothermic reaction
allows energy released from exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions
protein catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed / consumed itself (lowers activation energy)
enzyme
addition of a phosphate group
phosphorylation
heat is taken up, products have greater potential energy than reactants
endothermic reaction
loss of electrons
oxidation