Types of Joints (Ch. 8)
What classification of joint is based on the material binding the bones together?
Structural classification
What covers the ends of bones in synovial joints to reduce friction?
Articular cartilage
Which muscle type is striated and voluntary?
Skeletal muscle
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
What term refers to the immovable attachment point of a muscle?
Origin
Name the three structural joint types.
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Name the fluid-filled structures that reduce friction where tendons rub over bones.
Bursae
Name one characteristic shared by all muscle types.
Excitability, Contractility, Extensibility, or Elasticity
What happens to the H-zone during contraction?
It disappears / gets smaller
What does the term biceps mean in muscle names?
Two origins
What type of fibrous joint is found between the bones of the skull?
Sutures
What movement describes increasing the angle of a joint?
Extension
What is the contractile unit of muscle?
Sarcomere
Name the enzyme that breaks down ACh in the synaptic cleft.
Acetylcholinesterase
What fascicle arrangement describes a “feather-like” pattern?
Pennate
Which cartilaginous joint is made of fibrocartilage and is slightly movable?
Symphysis
Which two factors contribute the most to synovial joint stability?
Muscle tone and number/location of ligaments
(…with muscle tone being the most important)
Which protein forms the thick filaments in muscle?
Myosin
What triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
An action potential traveling down the T-tubules
Name the prime mover responsible for arm abduction at the shoulder.
Deltoid
What functional classification describes a freely movable joint?
Diarthrosis
Which muscle type is striated and voluntary?
Skeletal muscle
What ion must bind to troponin to allow cross-bridge formation?
Calcium (Ca²⁺)
Describe the sequence of cross-bridge cycling in correct order.
Attach → Power Stroke → Detach → Reactivate (ATP hydrolysis)
A muscle that helps prime movers by reducing unnecessary movement is called a…
Synergist