Hearing and Learning
Hearing (sensation)
Acquisition of sensory information
Tympanic membrane, Tensor Tympani, Ossicles and Eustachian tube
Middle Ear
Captures sound & amplifies it by funneling it into the smaller auditory canal
Pinna
Equalizes pressure between outside world and the middle ear
Eustachian tube
Detects movement and acceleration
Semicircular Canals
Listening (perception)
Interpretation of sensory information
Oval Window, Organ Corti, basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, auditory nerve
Inner Ear
(Ear drum) collects vibrations & transmits them to ossicles
Tympanic membrane
Part of the ear where the auditory stimulus is converted into neural impulses.
Cochlea
These connect to each ear and carry cochlea neurons to the auditory cortex.
Auditory Nerve
Physical properties of sound
Amplitude and Frequency
Height of a wave/physical energy of sound
Amplitude
Sound enters the skull cavity
External Auditory Cortex
The sound analyzing structure that rests between the basilar and tectoral membrane.
Organ of Corti
Auditory nerves enter the brain stem, pass through to the inferior colliculi, medial geniculate nuclei to the primary auditory cortex
Auditory Pathway
Perceptual properties of sound
Pitch and loudness
Number of waves per second
Frequency
Can change membrane tension as exterior noise changes (tightens in loudness/loosens in softness)
Tensor Tympani
The opening between the ossicles and the cochlea.
Oval Window
where sound is
Outer ear
Experience of sound/High frequency = higher ?
Tiny bones that operate in lever fashion to transfer vibration from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea, and amplify sound.
Ossicles
Detects static position, gravity, and pressure
Vestibular Membrane
Ventral stream
what sound is