Self-Concept & Identity
This term refers to how children describe themselves, including their physical traits, preferences, and abilities.
self-concept
$100 – This parenting style is high in warmth but low in control, often leading to children who struggle with self-discipline.
permissive parenting
$100 – A child who plays alone and does not engage with others is demonstrating this type of play.
solitary play
$100 – A child who comforts a crying friend is demonstrating this important social skill.
empathy
$100 – This type of stress is beneficial and helps children develop resilience.
positive stress
$200 – Erikson’s third stage of psychosocial development focuses on a child’s ability to take initiative. If unsuccessful, they may develop this negative emotion.
Guilt
$200 – According to Baumrind, this parenting style balances warmth and control and is considered the most effective for child development.
authoritative parenting
$200 – When children play next to each other but do not interact directly, they are engaging in this type of play.
parallel play
$200 – This term refers to a child’s ability to understand what another person is thinking or feeling.
theory of mind
$200 – Long-term, severe stress that negatively affects brain development is called ____.
toxic stress
$300 – According to Charles Horton Cooley, children develop self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them. This is called the _____.
looking-glass self
$300 – This alternative parenting model focuses on guiding children like a sports coach, encouraging independence while providing support.
athletic coach model
$300 – This type of play involves children working together to achieve a common goal.
cooperative play
$300 – When a child is rejected by their peers due to aggressive behavior, they may develop future issues with this.
social adjustment
$300 – The ability to control one’s impulses and delay gratification is known as ____.
self-regulation
$400 – The belief that one’s gender is stable over time and will not change is known as ____.
gender constancy
$400 – Lemasters and Defrain identified this type of parent as someone who does everything for their child, leading to dependency.
martyr parent
$400 – According to Piaget, this type of play involves using objects, actions, or ideas to represent something else.
symbolic play
$400 – Siblings often teach children important social skills, including this ability to settle disagreements.
conflict resolution
$400 – Spanking has been linked to increased levels of ____, rather than long-term obedience.
aggression
$500 – This term refers to the expectations and behaviors that society associates with being male or female.
Gender roles
$500 – In collectivist cultures, parents often emphasize this over independence when raising children.
obedience or group harmony
$500 – This theorist believed that play helps children release emotions and process distressing experiences.
Sigmund Freud
$500 – Peer relationships help children develop this, which is a sense of self-worth based on their interactions with others.
self-esteem
$500 – Name two potential effects of toxic stress on a child's development.
weakened immune system and increased risk of anxiety or depression