Border As Lines
This 1648 treaty ended the Thirty Years’ War and established the modern idea of state sovereignty and territorial borders.
What is the Treaty of Westphalia?
The process by which businesses, people, and countries around the world become more connected through trade, technology, and communication.
What is globalization?
After 9/11, boarders started being understood not as fixed defensive lines, but as a dynamic systems of movement and circulation
What are flows?
$7.2 billion in annual losses and 62,000 lost jobs in the San Diego/Tijuana region.
What were the estimated economic consequences of border delays reported by the San Diego Association of Governments in 2007?
The system the CBP uses to guide agents in handling apprehended migrants.
What is the Consequence Delivery System?
Borders are considered the geographic reflection of this: a state’s monopoly on legal control and use of force within its boundaries.
What is sovereignty?
It’s a global banking system that lets countries safely and quickly send money across borders for trade and business.
What is SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication)
The number of internationally trained terrorists invoked in the 9/11 attacks.
What is 19?
These programs—NEXUS, SENTRI, and FAST—allow pre-approved travelers and shippers to use special lanes for faster crossings.
What are programs designed to separate low-risk travelers and speed up inspections at U.S. land borders?
The act passed in 2006 expanded fencing and physical infrastructure.
What is the The Secure Fence Act?
In the 20th century, these two heavily fortified borders symbolized the hardening of borders as defensive lines during the Cold War.
What are the Berlin Wall and the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)?
What trade deal allows the U.S., Canada, and Mexico to trade goods without extra taxes?
What is NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) OR What is USMCA (United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement)?
Instead of “sealing” boarders, the strategic priority after 9/11 became this continuous process: monitoring movement to reduce exposure of likely hood of dangers
What is risk management?
The Unified Cargo Inspection pilot between the U.S. and Mexico at Otay Mesa.
What initiative allows both nations to inspect cargo once rather than twice, improving efficiency and security?
Criminal networks operate transnationally and require cooperation between both sides of the border.
Why is joint border management considered essential for effective security?
The invention of this 19th-century mode of transportation dramatically increased border crossings and forced countries to strengthen control.
What is the locomotive (rail travel)?
What is one danger of global trade?
Discussion
This immediate reaction decision was taken after 9/11: airplanes were grounded and seaports were temporarily closed.
What is shutting down all crossings?
A cooperative system in which neighboring countries share data, coordinate inspections, and manage cross-border flows together.
What is “joint border management,” and how does it differ from traditional border control?
Created the “virtual wall” in 2006 using integrated surveillance systems?
What is the Secure Border Initiative (SBInet)?
Oklahoma’s distinctive panhandle exists because this state had to give up land north of the 36°30′ line when it joined the U.S. as a slave state in 1845.
What is Texas?
What could be one challenge of having so much trade between countries?
Discussion
In March 2020 during COVID-19, the US, Canada, and Mexico worked together and kept trade and essential travel moving.
What is a coordinated flow system?
Vehicles and pedestrians arrive without warning, leaving officers little time to assess threats.
Why are land borders more difficult for authorities to manage than air or sea borders?
Connecting law enforcement efforts across both sides of the border and target smuggling networks as a single system.
What is the purpose of integrating forward-deployed border patrols with interior enforcement?