Fluids Under Pressure
Hydraulic System
Pneumatics
Fluid Systems in Humans
Miscellaneous
100
What is convection?
Convection is a vertical movement in fluids caused by density differences.
100
What is a hydraulic system?
Hydraulic systems are devices that create pressure that moves through a liquid such as oil or water.
100
What is pneumatics?
Pneumatics is the use of gas, (which is usually air) in an enclosed system under pressure.
100
What device measures blood pressure? (Please spell it too)
Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer.
100
How much pressure is exerted per square meter at a submarine 500m deep?
The pressure would be equivalent to the weight of 40 elephants (50 atm).
200
What is the difference between buoyancy and a buoyant force?
Buoyancy is the tendency of objects in a fluid to rise or float because of density differences while a buoyant force is the upward force exerted by a fluid.
200
Why is a valve an important part of the hydraulic system?
The valve is a very important part of the hydraulic system as it is a device for controlling the passage of fluid through a pipe.
200
What is the difference between a hydraulic system and a pneumatic system?
A pneumatic system is similar to a hydraulic system except it uses a gas instead of a liquid.
200
What is asthma?
Asthma is a disease in the respiratory system that makes breathing difficult. It interferes with the noral flow of air into the lungs and causes the pathway to the lungs to become narrower.
200
What does the term "vacuum" often describe?
The term "vacuum" usually describes an area of low pressure. Humans cannot survive in a vacuum and so astronauts in outer space must be protected from the vacuum in space due to their being no atmosphere.
300
If two holes, one near the top and one near the bottom, were made in a barrel filled with oil, which hole will have more oil forced out? Why?
The bottom hole will have more oil forced out because more oil is being pressed down; therefore, it has greater pressure.
300
How does a hydraulic multiplication function?
An incompressible fluid increases and transmits a force from one point to another.
300
What might be a problem with pneumatic systems?
As pneumatic systems rely on movement of a gas, when it is blocked, the system does not work as well. An example would be having to clean your vacuum filter regularly as raising pressure inside would defeat the purpose of the vacuum.
300
How much water is the human body made up of?
On average, the human body consists of about 66% percent water as it plays many important roles.
300
Who observed that the pressure in a fluid depends on the depth of the fluid and not the shape of a fluid's container.
A French physician, Blaise Pascal who studied fluids in 1600.
400
What are some uses for fluids under pressure? (Name at least three examples)
Examples are dentists using air abrasion to drill a tooth, a jack hammer that uses pressure to chip concrete, and a check valve in a tube can help treat hydrocephalus.
400
Which type of fluids are used in hydraulics?
The fluids used in hydraulics are liquids such as water and oil.
400
How do pneumatic brakes in trucks and buses work?
Since the force of a human leg is limited, compressed air is used to apply greater force. Then, pipes and tubes deliver the force to many place at once and hydraulic multipliers in the wheels increase the force that stops the vehicle even further.
400
When you inhale and exhale, what happens to the air pressure inside your lungs?
When you exhale, the chest cavity expands, creating an area of low pressure. When you inhale, the chest cavity contracts so the air pressure increases. This is why air rushes out of the lungs.
400
How do dentists use air abrasion to drill a tooth?
Tightly compressed air shoots tiny particles of aluminum oxide powder at a high speed to remove areas of decay.
500
Why might your ear drums "pop" when you quickly change altitude?
You ear drums might pop when you quickly change altitude because pressure will be greater on either side and to equalize the pressure, you eardrums will pop.
500
What is the role of the pump in a hydraulic system?
The role of the pump in a hydraulic system is to raise or move fluids as they all create areas of low and high pressure to move water along a pipe.
500
How does a vacuum cleaner operate?
A vacuum cleaner has a motor that spins a fan at high speeds which creates an area of low pressure inside the vacuum cleaner. The air that is rushed into the exhaust is then cleaned through a filter.
500
How is the circulatory system like a hydraulic system?
The heart acts like a pump to deliver blood to your blood vessels which act like pipes. The constant beating of the heart keeps blood flowing in the blood vessels.
500
How are volcanoes an example of a natural hydraulic system?
Magma flows into active volcanoes. When the flow is clogged, the pressure from the magma building up may cause the volcano to explode.
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