Types of intelligence
Charles Spearman popularized the theory of this kind of intelligence (and what did it mean?)
General intelligence; people were either smart or not smart in most/all fields.
Confirmation bias ( + how to overcome it)
The tendency to search for information which confirms your working theory rather than accepting potentially contradictory evidence; can be overcome by testing the opposite of what would confirm your theory.
Because intelligence is not controlled by any single gene, it is considered...
Polygenic
The smallest unit of sound in a language; consonants and vowels
Phonemes
Metacognition
The awareness of one's mental processes and thinking
Howard Gardner said that people possessed _____ ______ (type of intelligence), with the overarching theory stating that...
Multiple intelligences; levels of intelligence in different areas could vary independently.
The availability heuristic
The tendency to associate the likelihood of an event based on how distinct it is in memory rather than logic.
By praising children's effort rather than their achievements, they develop a stronger...
Growth mindset
This dude theorized that our entire process of thinking is reliant on language
Benjamin Whorf
Stereotype threat
The psychological phenomenon where an individual feels at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about a group they identify with, which can lead to stress and lower performance.
The three tenets of Sternberg's Intelligence Triarchy
Practical; Analytical; Creative
The tendency to hold onto familiar beliefs even when presented with contrary evidence
______ has been shown to have a greater effect on intelligence than _______
Genetics; environment
False - while there is a genetic component to language acquisition in general, there is not one for specific languages.
Savant syndrome supports the concept of _____ ______ because it is characterized by __________
Multiple intelligences; remarkably high intelligence in certain fields but much lower in most others.
______ intelligence is the ability to think abstractly and quickly, while _____ intelligence includes the knowledge and experience you already have.
Fluid; crystallized
Overconfidence
The tendency to be more confident than correct, even with the knowledge that this is not true
Adopted children will show similar intelligence test scores to their _______ parents, and their similiarity increases over time.
At ____________, infants start to put together two-word speech, able to make small sentences but missing words.
18-24 months
Convergent Thinking
The ability to narrow down solutions to a single correct answer
This kind of testing is used to gauge general intelligence compared to people of the same age.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale/ Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) - IQ
Framing
The focus, emphasis, or perspective that affects our judgement and decisions.
When given a pair of identical twins raised separately and a pair of fraternal twins raised together, which pair's test scores will be closer to each other and why?
The identical twins; they are more genetically related
_______ area of the brain controls the processing of language from others, while the ______ area controls speech output (speaking).
Broca's; Wernicke's.
In order to come up with as many useful products for the company he works for, Luan has to use ______ ______.
divergent thinking