Chapter 9: Personality Disorders

1

100

She: - has Unjustified doubts of loyalty - does not forgive insults - has Angry reactions to perceived attacks on his or her character

Paranoid

200

He suffers from: -Unusual perceptual experiences -Odd thinking and speech -Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation -Inappropriate or constricted affect - Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity

Schizotypal

400

What complicates the diagnosis of personality disorders?

Personality disorders are often not diagnosed or may be misdiagnosed. Personality disorders may never be diagnosed or treated due to their basic nature - personality disorders define the personality of the individual with the disorder and it is difficult to determine when a problematic personality becomes a disordered personality. Misdiagnosis is common as the diagnostic criteria are not precise and the criteria for the disorders is not exclusive. While clinicians are likely to agree that an individual has a personality disorder, there may not be agreement as to which disorder the individual has.

500

Compare and contrast paranoid personality disorder and schizophrenia.

While both disorders are characterized by paranoid delusions, the individual with paranoid personality disorder does not exhibit the overall cognitive impairment that is seen in schizophrenia. The paranoid personality is characterized by paranoia in the absence of the hallucinations and break with reality that is characteristic of schizophrenia.

2

100

They Usually: have an extreme reluctance to take personal risks Unwilling to get involved with people unless certain will be liked Restraint within intimate relationships Preoccupation with being criticized

Avoidant Personality Disorder

200

They experience: Excessive need for admiration Envious of others Tendency to be interpersonally exploitative Lacks empathy

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

300

use their appearance and sexual seduction to get their way.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

400

Briefly describe the general characteristics of a personality disorder.

This is a disorder in which personality traits and behavior patterns are maladaptive, inflexible, and not readily adaptive to new situations. They do not stem from reactions to stress, but involve the gradual development of behavior patterns. They usually significantly impair social or occupational functioning and in some cases cause a good deal of subjective emotional distress.

500

Which of the personality disorders appears to be most related to schizophrenia? What evidence is there of this relationship?

While all of the cluster A personality disorders are characterized by different features of schizophrenia, schizotypal personality appears to be the most strongly related to schizophrenia. This disorder is characterized by abnormalities in behavior that are often seen in those with schizophrenia and there is evidence that those with schizotypal personality disorder are at greater risk of developing schizophrenia.

3

100

They have: Difficulty expressing disagreement Feel uncomfortable when alone Seek another close relationship when one ends

Dependent Personality Disorder

200

He shows little emotion and is loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any

schizoid

300

The diagnosis of personality disorders is extremely reliable and valid.

False

400

Give 3 means of Treatment For Borderline Personality Disorder

Medication: SSRIs for treating rapid shifts in mood, anger, and anxiety Antipsychotics assist with depression, suicidality, etc. Mood stabilizers reduce irritability and suicidality Dialectical Behavior Therapy (i.e., DBT): Specifically adapted for Borderline Personality Disorder Inability to tolerate strong negative affect is central to BPD Psychodynamic therapy: Adapted for BPD (shades of gray)

500

What are possible Treatment for Other Personality Disorders?

Use of antipsychotics and antidepressants for schizotypal Short-term psychotherapy that is active/confrontational Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy MAO inhibitors and SSRIs

4

100

It is characterized by: -Failure to conform to social norms -Deceitfulness -Impulsivity -Irritability -Reckless disregard for safety -Irresponsible -The individual is at least 18 years of age

?Antisocial Personality Disorder

200

True or False: People with Antisocial personality disorder must show signs of Conduct Disorder before the age of 11

False. 15

300

All the Prevelance showed that males of all disorders exceed females; except for one disorder. what is that disorder?

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

400

What are the Two Dimensions of Psychopathy? What does each dimension include?

1) Affective and interpersonal core of the disorder - Lack of remorse/guilt - Callousness/lack of empathy - Glibness/superficial charm - Grandiose sense of self-worth - Pathological lying 2)Behavior - Antisocial - Impulsive - Socially deviant lifestyle

500

Mention 3 of the Causal Factors in ?Psychopathy/Antisocial Personality Disorder

Moderate heritability MAO-A gene (low MAO-A activity*environment) Exposure to adverse environments (e.g., marital conflict, divorce, legal problems, etc.) Parental loss/rejection Low trait anxiety and show poor conditioning Deficient behavioral inhibition system