Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
100
Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience is called __________.
What is learning?
100
The classical-conditioning term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus is __________.
What is conditioned response?
100
You classically condition your dog Milo to salivate when middle C is played on the piano, but you find that he also salivates when middle C is played on the guitar. You make a point of playing C on the guitar and not giving Milo any food afterward, whereas you do sometimes give him food after you play C on the piano. After a few days, Milo stops salivating when C is played on the piano but continues to salivate when it is played on the piano. This phenomenon is known as __________.
What is stimulus discrimination?
100
What has research on managing patient’s pain and anxiety over medical treatments shown regarding placebos?
What is Placebos can be powerful when they take the form of a large pill with a brand name.
100
Kaiti uses her new green gel pen when writing essays for exams, and sometimes she gets “A”s on these exams. Kaiti begins to feel that this pen is “lucky” and decides to use it whenever she takes a test. Kaiti’s reaction demonstrates the power of __________.
What is intermittent reinforcement?
200
Research on learning has been heavily influenced by __________.
What is behaviorism?
200
The weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response is called ___________.
What is extinction?
200
When Watson and Rayner first showed Little Albert a live white rat, what did Albert do?
What is He liked the rat and seemed delighted.
200
A basic principle governing operant conditioning is that __________.
What is behaviors are controlled by their consequences?
200
Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior is a procedure called __________.
What is shaping?
300
The procedure by which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus is known as __________.
What is classical conditioning?
300
You train your dog Milo to salivate to the sound of a bell. Then you ring the bell every five minutes and don’t follow the ringing with food for Milo. He salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at all when the bell rings. But the next morning, when you ring the bell, Milo salivates! What term is used to explain the reappearance of this response?
What is Spontaneous recovery?
300
Watson and Rayner offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the __________ in their study.
What is conditioned stimulus?
300
Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, always __________.
What is strengthens the response?
300
The application of conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce maladaptive behavior is called __________.
What is behavior modification?
400
When Alan feeds his fish, he notices that they swim to the top as soon as he turns on the aquarium light. In this example, the __________ is the conditioned stimulus.
What is aquarium light?
400
Higher-order conditioning may contribute to the formation of __________.
What is prejudices?
400
After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear to a rat, Watson and Rayner wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. They were studying whether or not __________ had occurred.
What is stimulus generalization?
400
Skinner used a cage equipped with a device that delivers food or water when an animal makes a desired response. This device is called a(n) __________.
What is Skinner box?
400
In a study of nearly 29,000 men in Denmark, researchers found that severity of punishment made no difference as to whether or not they would violate again. What did matter?
What is Consistency of punishment?
500
The classical-conditioning term for a reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning is __________.
What is unconditioned response?
500
The proverb “He who hath been bitten by a snake fears a rope” illustrates ___________.
What is stimulus generalization ?
500
In classical conditioning, the process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with unwanted conditioned responses is called __________.
What is counterconditioning?
500
In operant conditioning, __________ occurs when a response is no longer followed by a reinforcer.
What is extinction?
500
Learning that is not immediately expressed in performance is called __________.
What is latent learning?
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