*The time gap is bridged between the behavior and the back-up reinforcer
*The amount of reinforcement is immediately obvious to students
*Tokens are unaffected by the mood of the praiser
*Tokens make use of generalized conditioned reinforcers
*Tokens become stimuli that control teacher behavior
What are the reasons token economies are effective?
100
*Promotes rule-governed behavior
*It is a public document
*All students are equal aprticipants
What are the types of group-oriented contingencies?
100
A technique that represents a modification of a token economy.
What is a chart move?
100
Factors that differentiate a behavior from being considered either normal or abnormal.
What are frequency, duration, and intensity with which the behavior is performed?
200
*Select a target behavior
*Post rules and review them frequently
*Select tokens
*Establish back-up reinforcers
What are the procedures for establishing a token economy?
200
*Task
*Reward
*Task Record
What are the components of a behavioral contract?
200
*Harmful peer pressure on students that do not improve
*Announcing students publicly
*Misleading improvement of group
*Students unable to complete specified behaviors
*Students who enjoy sabotaging the contingencies
What are the ethical considerations?
200
It makes it less likely that a student will satiate on the program.
What is an advantage of using novel applications of positive reinforcement?
200
An appropriate behavior that accomplishes the same outcome for the child as the inappropriate behavior.
What is a replacement behavior?
300
Baseball cards may be too desireable themselves and can distract the students from the purpose of the system.
What is the reason baseball cards do not work well as tokens?
300
*Must be fair
*Must be clear
*Must be honest
What are the guidelines for successful contracting?
300
A teacher requires that every student in his class receive a score of 25 or better on a math quiz before they can go on a field trip.
What is an example of an interdependent group-oriented contingency?
300
This novel technique is a variation of BINGO.
What is a compliance matrix?
300
Best way to generate a contextual hypothesis for a fnctional assessment.
What is an A-B-C Analysis?
400
They can negatively reinforce teachers for dispensing tokens and serve as a discrimulative stimuli for teachers to reinforce students.
What are the ways that tokens provide stimuli that control teacher behavior?
400
By specifying each person's expectations clearly.
What is one of the easiest ways to ensure a contract automatically increases a child's performance?
400
Presents the contingency to all members of a group, but reinforcement is delivered only to members who meet the criteria.
What is the independent group-oriented contingency?
400
These two novel techniques are an extention of the process of auctioning backup reinforcers when using a token economy.
What are a raffle and lottery?
400
Functional
Contextual
Curricular
What are the types of hypotheses?
500
By bridging the gap between the response and the backup reinforcer.
What is a way tokens can make reinforcements more effective?
500
Teachers often promise more reward than they can deliver.
What is a reason a contract could be considered dishonest?
500
Peer pressure represents a potent behavior change technique.
Why do group-contingencies represent a powerful way to manage student behavior?
500
This novel application combines intermittent reinforcement with the positive peer pressure of a group-oriented contingency.
What is the 100 Square Chart?
500
A term that refers to an assessment that is naturaistic.