Enzyme Function and Homeostasis
This term describes how enzymes help regulate metabolic reactions to maintain a stable internal environment.
What is Homeostasis?
This is a simple model to describe how an enzyme and substrate fit together.
What is Lock and key model?
This factor, often influenced by pH, temperature, and substrate concentration, determines how fast an enzyme-catalyzed reaction occurs.
What is Reaction Rate?
This molecule must be oxidized before being used in the Krebs cycle.
What is Pyruvate?
In the regulation of body temperature, this component detects changes in temperature and sends signals to the brain.
What is the Sensor (receptor)?
These proteins speed up chemical reactions without being consumed, playing a key role in metabolic pathways.
What are Enzymes?
This concept explains how an enzyme changes shape slightly to fit its substrate.
What is Induced fit hypothesis?
A severe increase in this environmental factor can denature an enzyme, reducing its function, while a decrease in this factor reduces function through loss of kinetic energy.
What is Temperature?
This pathway occurs in the mitochondria and produces ATP, NADH, and FADH₂ through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.
What is the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle/TCA cycle)?
In the regulation of blood sugar, this molecule acts as the stimulus that triggers a feedback loop.
What is Glucose (sugar)?
This type of reaction releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones.
What is Catabolism?
This temporary structure forms when a substrate binds to an enzyme's active site.
What is Enzyme-substrate complex?
These molecules bind to enzymes and increase the activation energy needed for a reaction, often slowing it down.
What are Inhibitors?
This molecule is the universal energy carrier used in most metabolic processes, including those in glycolysis.
What is ATP?
In temperature regulation, this component receives input from thermoreceptors and sends commands to effectors like sweat glands or muscles.
What is the Hypothalamus?
This type of reaction absorbs energy, using it to build complex molecules from simpler ones.
What is Anabolism?
This type of molecule binds to an enzyme’s active site, preventing the substrate from binding.
What is a Competitive inhibitor?
This process is altered when enzymes are exposed to non-ideal pH levels, reducing their ability to catalyze reactions efficiently.
What is Enzyme denaturation?
This molecule is required for the electron transport chain; without it, fermentation occurs.
What is Oxygen?
In blood pressure regulation, baroreceptors in the blood vessels act as this component, detecting changes in pressure.
What is the Sensor (receptor)?
This specific amount of energy must be overcome to start a chemical reaction.
What is Activation energy?
This non-protein helper is required by some enzymes to function, but unlike a coenzyme, it is usually a metal ion.
What is a Cofactor?
In this type of feedback loop, a product of a reaction inhibits the enzyme that produced it, preventing further production.
What is Negative feedback loop?
This process in cellular respiration uses a proton gradient created by the electron transport chain to produce ATP.
What is Chemiosmosis?
When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas acts as this component, releasing insulin to bring levels back down.
What is the Effector?